NURS 5315 HEMATOLOGY EXAM TEST BANK
2025/2026 | 200 HIGH-YIELD QUESTIONS, ANSWERS
& DETAILED RATIONALES
This premium 2025/2026 test bank contains high-yield, multiple-
choice questions with answers and detailed rationales tailored
for NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology. It provides deep-
dive coverage of essential hematology topics, including red cell
kinetics, morphological anemias, leukocyte alterations, and
coagulation cascades. Designed to mimic actual advanced
practice nursing exams, it is the ultimate resource for boosting
test performance and mastering complex hematologic concepts.
1. A nurse is reviewing a complete blood count (CBC) for a
patient with suspected pernicious anemia. Which
morphological classification does the nurse expect to find?
, A) Microcytic-hypochromic
B) Macrocytic-normochromic
C) Microcytic-normochromic
D) Normocytic-normochromic
Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is caused by a Vitamin
B12 deficiency, which impairs DNA synthesis inside
developing erythrocytes. This leads to large, immature
red blood cells (macrocytes) with normal hemoglobin
concentrations (normochromic).
2. Which structural deficiency is the primary cause of
pernicious anemia?
A) Absence of dietary folate
B) Deficiency of intrinsic factor
, C) Chronic blood loss from the GI tract
D) Bone marrow stem cell failure
Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune or
atrophic condition resulting in the loss of gastric
parietal cells, which are responsible for secreting
intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is mandatory for
Vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum.
3. A patient presents with severe fatigue, weight loss, and a
beefy red tongue. Which assessment finding would
definitively differentiate pernicious anemia from folate
deficiency anemia?
A) Presence of cheilosis
B) Macrocytic indices on a CBC
, C) Paresthesias and loss of vibratory sense
D) Severe shortness of breath on exertion
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is essential for myelin sheath
maintenance in the nervous system. While both B12
and folate deficiencies cause macrocytic anemia and
glossitis, only Vitamin B12 deficiency presents with
neurological deficits such as paresthesias and
proprioception loss.
4. An elderly patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents
with severe macrocytic anemia. Neurological examination
is entirely normal. Which condition is most consistent with
this presentation?
A) Pernicious anemia
2025/2026 | 200 HIGH-YIELD QUESTIONS, ANSWERS
& DETAILED RATIONALES
This premium 2025/2026 test bank contains high-yield, multiple-
choice questions with answers and detailed rationales tailored
for NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology. It provides deep-
dive coverage of essential hematology topics, including red cell
kinetics, morphological anemias, leukocyte alterations, and
coagulation cascades. Designed to mimic actual advanced
practice nursing exams, it is the ultimate resource for boosting
test performance and mastering complex hematologic concepts.
1. A nurse is reviewing a complete blood count (CBC) for a
patient with suspected pernicious anemia. Which
morphological classification does the nurse expect to find?
, A) Microcytic-hypochromic
B) Macrocytic-normochromic
C) Microcytic-normochromic
D) Normocytic-normochromic
Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is caused by a Vitamin
B12 deficiency, which impairs DNA synthesis inside
developing erythrocytes. This leads to large, immature
red blood cells (macrocytes) with normal hemoglobin
concentrations (normochromic).
2. Which structural deficiency is the primary cause of
pernicious anemia?
A) Absence of dietary folate
B) Deficiency of intrinsic factor
, C) Chronic blood loss from the GI tract
D) Bone marrow stem cell failure
Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune or
atrophic condition resulting in the loss of gastric
parietal cells, which are responsible for secreting
intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is mandatory for
Vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum.
3. A patient presents with severe fatigue, weight loss, and a
beefy red tongue. Which assessment finding would
definitively differentiate pernicious anemia from folate
deficiency anemia?
A) Presence of cheilosis
B) Macrocytic indices on a CBC
, C) Paresthesias and loss of vibratory sense
D) Severe shortness of breath on exertion
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is essential for myelin sheath
maintenance in the nervous system. While both B12
and folate deficiencies cause macrocytic anemia and
glossitis, only Vitamin B12 deficiency presents with
neurological deficits such as paresthesias and
proprioception loss.
4. An elderly patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents
with severe macrocytic anemia. Neurological examination
is entirely normal. Which condition is most consistent with
this presentation?
A) Pernicious anemia
