WGU D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for
the Advanced Practice Nurse Exam 2026/2027
Questions And Answers Graded A+
Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently than females?
Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the affected
chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the leading known cause?
Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are the
leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies?
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic
testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed in
vitro. CVS is a form of genetic testing that provides genetic information found in
utero and is usually performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An
amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is
usually performed during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of
pregnancy. PGT is performed on the embryo prior to implantation.
,Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one
chromosome with a normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a
missing gene?
Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA deletion.
This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri
du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight baby with a
piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations?
The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an
unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of
the disease because she has the other X (the only X the father can give to a female)
to cancel it out.
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease rate among the entire
population to the disease rate in an unexposed population?
Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on?
Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases. Observation
and evaluation of each case individually provides the most thorough and accurate
assessment.
,What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair.
The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflammation and
wound healing?
The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's
reserves to fight against illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria?
Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen?
Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when
considering the antigen?
Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something foreign.
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing
an ABO incompatibility?
The complement pathway is activated in response to blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic dermatitis?
An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
Which four infections are considered fungal infections?
Infection with a fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas,
which refers to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and
yeasts, which include candida and aspergillus.
When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect
infection?
Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after sexual transmission, whereas
HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive test. Repeat
testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to testing too soon after
exposure, especially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
What is a characteristic of exotoxins?
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
the Advanced Practice Nurse Exam 2026/2027
Questions And Answers Graded A+
Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently than females?
Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the affected
chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the leading known cause?
Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are the
leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies?
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic
testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed in
vitro. CVS is a form of genetic testing that provides genetic information found in
utero and is usually performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An
amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is
usually performed during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of
pregnancy. PGT is performed on the embryo prior to implantation.
,Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one
chromosome with a normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a
missing gene?
Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA deletion.
This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri
du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight baby with a
piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations?
The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an
unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of
the disease because she has the other X (the only X the father can give to a female)
to cancel it out.
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease rate among the entire
population to the disease rate in an unexposed population?
Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on?
Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases. Observation
and evaluation of each case individually provides the most thorough and accurate
assessment.
,What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair.
The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflammation and
wound healing?
The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's
reserves to fight against illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria?
Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen?
Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when
considering the antigen?
Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something foreign.
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing
an ABO incompatibility?
The complement pathway is activated in response to blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic dermatitis?
An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
Which four infections are considered fungal infections?
Infection with a fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas,
which refers to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and
yeasts, which include candida and aspergillus.
When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect
infection?
Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after sexual transmission, whereas
HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive test. Repeat
testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to testing too soon after
exposure, especially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
What is a characteristic of exotoxins?
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
