CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
GRADUATE STUDY GUIDE
●● Caring as a Human Act
Answer: Rooted in intentional presence and authentic relationships.
●● Patterns of Knowing
Answer: Empirical, ethical, personal, aesthetic, and emancipatory.
●● Circle of Caring Model
Answer: A framework that includes courage, authentic presence,
advocacy, knowing, commitment, and patience.
●● Courage
Answer: Ethical commitment to values.
●● Authentic Presence
Answer: Being fully present with patients.
●● Advocacy
Answer: Supporting patients as full partners in care.
,●● Knowing
Answer: Deep understanding of the patient.
●● Commitment and Patience
Answer: Sustained engagement in care.
●● Nurse Practitioner Role
Answer: Evolved from physician extender to independent provider.
●● Role Components of Nurse Practitioners
Answer: Includes clinician, educator, researcher, leader, and advocate.
●● Scope of Practice
Answer: Varies by state; includes prescriptive authority and diagnostic
responsibilities.
●● Interprofessional Collaboration
Answer: Emphasized for holistic, team-based care.
●● Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
Answer: Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient values.
, ●● Steps in EBP
Answer: 1. Ask a clinical question (PICO format). 2. Acquire the best
evidence. 3. Appraise the evidence. 4. Apply the evidence. 5. Assess the
outcomes.
●● Barriers to EBP
Answer: Time constraints, lack of resources, resistance to change.
●● Facilitators of EBP
Answer: Institutional support, continuing education, access to databases.
●● Levels of Prevention
Answer: Includes primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
●● Primary Prevention
Answer: Aims to prevent disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccinations,
lifestyle counseling).
●● Secondary Prevention
Answer: Focuses on early detection and prompt intervention (e.g.,
screenings like mammograms or blood pressure checks).