NUR 201 Medical-Surgical Nursing I
(ATI/NCLEX-REAL EXAM)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+
Questions 1–50 (Fundamentals, Safety, Fluids &
Electrolytes)
1. The most important action when entering a patient’s room for the first time is:
A. Introduce yourself
B. Perform hand hygiene
C. Check vital signs
D. Review orders
Answer: B
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most important infection control measure.
2. A client is at risk for aspiration. Which intervention is priority?
A. Encourage fluids
B. Keep head of bed elevated
C. Provide oral care once daily
D. Restrict oxygen
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating HOB reduces aspiration risk.
3. Which patient is at highest risk for pressure ulcers?
,A. Ambulatory client
B. Client on antibiotics
C. Bedbound elderly patient
D. Post-op walking patient
Answer: C
Rationale: Immobility is the biggest risk factor.
4. Normal serum sodium level is:
A. 120–130
B. 135–145
C. 150–160
D. 90–110
Answer: B
5. A patient with hyponatremia is most likely to show:
A. Confusion
B. Hypertension
C. Bradycardia
D. Dry skin
Answer: A
Rationale: Low sodium affects CNS function.
6. Which IV solution is isotonic?
A. 0.45% NS
B. D5W (after metabolism)
C. 0.9% NS
D. 3% saline
Answer: C
7. The priority nursing action for a patient in shock is:
,A. Administer antibiotics
B. Maintain airway and oxygenation
C. Give oral fluids
D. Position supine with legs down
Answer: B
8. Which symptom indicates hypokalemia?
A. Muscle weakness
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperreflexia
D. Flushed skin
Answer: A
9. Normal potassium level is:
A. 2.0–3.0
B. 3.5–5.0
C. 5.5–6.5
D. 1.0–2.0
Answer: B
10. Which ECG change is seen in hyperkalemia?
A. U waves
B. Tall peaked T waves
C. ST depression
D. QT prolongation
Answer: B
11. First sign of hypoxia is usually:
A. Cyanosis
B. Confusion
, C. Bradycardia
D. Hypotension
Answer: B
12. The best indicator of fluid volume status is:
A. Skin color
B. Daily weight
C. Urine odor
D. Appetite
Answer: B
13. One liter of fluid equals approximately:
A. 0.5 lb
B. 1 lb
C. 2.2 lb
D. 5 lb
Answer: C
14. Which lab value indicates dehydration?
A. High hematocrit
B. Low sodium
C. Low potassium
D. Low glucose
Answer: A
15. A priority nursing diagnosis for infection is:
A. Risk for injury
B. Ineffective airway clearance
C. Risk for infection
D. Impaired skin integrity
(ATI/NCLEX-REAL EXAM)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+
Questions 1–50 (Fundamentals, Safety, Fluids &
Electrolytes)
1. The most important action when entering a patient’s room for the first time is:
A. Introduce yourself
B. Perform hand hygiene
C. Check vital signs
D. Review orders
Answer: B
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most important infection control measure.
2. A client is at risk for aspiration. Which intervention is priority?
A. Encourage fluids
B. Keep head of bed elevated
C. Provide oral care once daily
D. Restrict oxygen
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating HOB reduces aspiration risk.
3. Which patient is at highest risk for pressure ulcers?
,A. Ambulatory client
B. Client on antibiotics
C. Bedbound elderly patient
D. Post-op walking patient
Answer: C
Rationale: Immobility is the biggest risk factor.
4. Normal serum sodium level is:
A. 120–130
B. 135–145
C. 150–160
D. 90–110
Answer: B
5. A patient with hyponatremia is most likely to show:
A. Confusion
B. Hypertension
C. Bradycardia
D. Dry skin
Answer: A
Rationale: Low sodium affects CNS function.
6. Which IV solution is isotonic?
A. 0.45% NS
B. D5W (after metabolism)
C. 0.9% NS
D. 3% saline
Answer: C
7. The priority nursing action for a patient in shock is:
,A. Administer antibiotics
B. Maintain airway and oxygenation
C. Give oral fluids
D. Position supine with legs down
Answer: B
8. Which symptom indicates hypokalemia?
A. Muscle weakness
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperreflexia
D. Flushed skin
Answer: A
9. Normal potassium level is:
A. 2.0–3.0
B. 3.5–5.0
C. 5.5–6.5
D. 1.0–2.0
Answer: B
10. Which ECG change is seen in hyperkalemia?
A. U waves
B. Tall peaked T waves
C. ST depression
D. QT prolongation
Answer: B
11. First sign of hypoxia is usually:
A. Cyanosis
B. Confusion
, C. Bradycardia
D. Hypotension
Answer: B
12. The best indicator of fluid volume status is:
A. Skin color
B. Daily weight
C. Urine odor
D. Appetite
Answer: B
13. One liter of fluid equals approximately:
A. 0.5 lb
B. 1 lb
C. 2.2 lb
D. 5 lb
Answer: C
14. Which lab value indicates dehydration?
A. High hematocrit
B. Low sodium
C. Low potassium
D. Low glucose
Answer: A
15. A priority nursing diagnosis for infection is:
A. Risk for injury
B. Ineffective airway clearance
C. Risk for infection
D. Impaired skin integrity
