2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ What do you need for Plain View.
Answer: Conducting a lawful investigation, be from a lawful
viewpoint, and immediately recognizable
◉ Which amendment governs police powers of Search and Seizure.
Answer: 4th Amendment
◉ When must you inform of Miranda.
Answer: Apparent of physical custody, and guilt seeking questions
◉ Title 42 U.S.C 1983.
Answer: Violation of Civil Rights
◉ 14th Amendment.
Answer: Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and
are guaranteed equal protection under the law
,◉ Who is the King?.
Answer: Gary H. Shoener
◉ What is Passive Resistance.
Answer: Includes psychological intimidation and non verbal actions
◉ What is Verbal Resistance.
Answer: Includes threats, refusal, and lack of cooperation
◉ What is Passive Physical Resistance.
Answer: Includes resisting control, dead weight
◉ What is Defensive Physical Resistance.
Answer: Includes the subject pulling, running, clenching fists,
widening stance, blading body
◉ What is Active Physical Aggression.
Answer: Includes attempting to harm an officer, striking, kicking
◉ What is Aggravated Active Physical Aggression.
Answer: Includes subject trying to cause serious bodily injury or
death to a police officer or others
, ◉ First in the Use of Force Continuum.
Answer: Officer Presence
◉ Second in the Use of Force Continuum.
Answer: Verbal Direction
◉ Third in the Use of Force Continuum.
Answer: Physical Restraint and Control Techniques
◉ Fourth in the Use of Force Continuum.
Answer: Intermediate Force/Less Lethal Force
◉ Fifth in the Use of Force Continuum.
Answer: Deadly Force
◉ The Use of Force Continuum is fluid in nature, not a static
checklist.
Answer: True
◉ AR + MR = Crime, what is AR.
Answer: Physical Act