Class 12 political science (end of bipolarity notes )

End of bipolarity (Last minute
revision )
Political studies
16 pag.




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 THE END OF BIPOLARITY (1991)
│
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
┐
│ │
▼ ▼

" SOVIET SYSTEM (USSR) COLD WAR ERA #
Ì
│ │
├─ Founded after Russian Revolution (1917) ├─ USA USSR
├─ Socialist Economy ├─ Ideological Conflict
├─ One Party Rule │ • Capitalism
├─ State Ownership │ • Socialism
├─ Central Planning ├─ No Direct War
├─ Equality & Welfare ├─ Arms Race

3
│ ├─ Space Race
├── ACHIEVEMENTS └─ Military Alliances
│ │ • NATO
│ ├─ Rapid Industrialisation • Warsaw Pact
│ ├─ Free Education
│ ├─ Free Healthcare
│ ├─ Scientific Progress
│ ├─ Nuclear Power
│ └─ Superpower Status

"
│
└── WEAKNESSES
│
├─ Lack of Democracy
├─ Corruption
├─ Bureaucratic Control
├─ Consumer Goods Shortage
├─ Economic Stagnation
└─ Technological Backwardness

│
▼

4 MIKHAIL GORBACHEV (1985)
│
├─ Became Soviet Leader
├─ Wanted to Save USSR

3
│
├── GLASNOST (Openness)
│ │




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, │ ├─ Freedom of Speech
│ ├─ Open Discussion
│ ├─ Transparency
│ └─ Reduced Censorship

2
│
└── PERESTROIKA (Restructuring)
│
├─ Economic Reforms
├─ Decentralisation
├─ Limited Market Economy
└─ Modernisation Efforts

│
▼

" CAUSES OF SOVIET COLLAPSE
├─ Economic Crisis ž
│

│ ├─ Slow Growth
│ ├─ Low Productivity
│ └─ Financial Burden

Æ
│
├─ Arms Race with USA
│ ├─ Huge Military Spending
│ └─ Weak Economy

o
│
├─ Political Dissatisfaction
│ ├─ Demand for Democracy
│ └─ Human Rights

á
│
├─ Nationalist Movements
│ ├─ Lithuania
│ ├─ Latvia
│ ├─ Estonia
│ ├─ Ukraine
│ └─ Georgia
│
├─ Failure of Reforms
│
└─ Weak Communist Leadership

│
▼




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