N212 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress
response causes which effects on the body?
Answer: An elevated BP, tachycardia and increased blood sugar
◉ The major chemical mediator of stress response are?
Answer: Epinephrine and cortisol
◉ The inflammatory response requires activation of the immune
system by an infection:
Answer: True
◉ Leukotrienes are rel. by basophils, mast cells, macrophages and
WBCs. Which effect of leukotrienes > life threatening
Answer: Bronchospasm
, ◉ During the inflammatory response, histamine can cause low BP
due to?
Answer: Vasodilation
◉ What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs to relieve pain?
Answer: They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
◉ In the early phase of tissue inflammation _____ aggregate and
adhere to vascular collagen to control bleeding.
Answer: Platelets
◉ The process described in the previous question is called "primary
hemostasis"
Answer: True
◉ A patient is admitted for dehydration. The nurse understands that
which is a serious risk associated with dehydration?
Answer: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
◉ A 25-year old woman sustains a laceration from a knife, cooking.
Early erythema associated with the tissue injury is due to?
Answer: Vasodilation
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress
response causes which effects on the body?
Answer: An elevated BP, tachycardia and increased blood sugar
◉ The major chemical mediator of stress response are?
Answer: Epinephrine and cortisol
◉ The inflammatory response requires activation of the immune
system by an infection:
Answer: True
◉ Leukotrienes are rel. by basophils, mast cells, macrophages and
WBCs. Which effect of leukotrienes > life threatening
Answer: Bronchospasm
, ◉ During the inflammatory response, histamine can cause low BP
due to?
Answer: Vasodilation
◉ What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs to relieve pain?
Answer: They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
◉ In the early phase of tissue inflammation _____ aggregate and
adhere to vascular collagen to control bleeding.
Answer: Platelets
◉ The process described in the previous question is called "primary
hemostasis"
Answer: True
◉ A patient is admitted for dehydration. The nurse understands that
which is a serious risk associated with dehydration?
Answer: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
◉ A 25-year old woman sustains a laceration from a knife, cooking.
Early erythema associated with the tissue injury is due to?
Answer: Vasodilation
