EXAM PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ Facilitated diffusion
Answer: Passive transport using a carrier protein; no ATP required
◉ Glucose transport into cells
Answer: Facilitated diffusion using carrier proteins
◉ Agonist
Answer: Substance that activates a receptor and causes a response
◉ Antagonist
Answer: Substance that blocks a receptor and prevents activation
◉ Ion-channel receptors
Answer: Receptors that directly open or close ion channels
◉ Ion-channel receptor action
Answer: Immediate and fast
, ◉ Ion mnemonic
Answer: Immediate
◉ Agonist mnemonic
Answer: Go
◉ Antagonist mnemonic
Answer: Against
◉ Atrophy
Answer: Decrease in cell size and function due to decreased demand
◉ Cause of atrophy
Answer: Disuse, ischemia, starvation, denervation
◉ Hypertrophy
Answer: Increase in cell size due to increased workload
◉ Cause of hypertrophy
Answer: Increased protein synthesis