Component 1 specification tracker
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, 1.1 Importance of ATP 1.2 Respiration 1.3 Photosynthesis 1.4 Microbiology 1.5 Populations & ecosystem1.6 Human impact
The synthesis of ATP
involving a flow of protons
through the enzyme ATP
synthetase, the process of
chemiosmosis and the
electrochemical gradient.
ATP is produced on the
internal membranes of
mitochondria and Respiration is a catabolic
chloroplasts and that process involving a series
synthesis of ATP takes of enzyme-catalysed
place by means of a flow reactions in cells, where
of protons across these energy-rich respiratory These should include:
membranes down a substrates, e.g. glucose Bacteria can be Candidates should be able natural selection; habitat
concentration gradient and fatty acids, are broken distinguished from each to define the following: destruction such as
through the enzyme ATP down to release energy: other by their size, shape, ecology, ecosystem, deforestation and loss of
synthetase located in the some is trapped as the adaptations of staining characteristics, community, habitat, hedgerows; pollution such
stalked particles. chemical energy in ATP angiosperm leaves and and their metabolic, population, environment as PCBs and oil; hunting
This is called and some is released as chloroplasts for antigenic and genetic (biotic and abiotic) and and collecting; competing
chemiosmosis. heat energy. photosynthesis features. niche. domestic animals.
An understanding that
conservation is the
sensible management of
the biosphere and
enhancement of
biodiversity locally.
Chemiosmosis. Examples to include:
In mitochondria the habitat protection by
protons flow across the During respiration, high nature reserves and SSSI;
inner membrane from the energy C-C, C-H and C-OH international cooperation
intermembrane space into bonds are broken, lower The shape of bacteria is Ecosystems are dynamic restricting trade; breeding
the matrix. In chloroplasts energy bonds are formed There are several due to their rigid cell wall (energy flow, biological programmes by zoos and
the protons flow across and the difference is photosynthetic pigments which has a unique cycles, succession, species botanic gardens; sperm
the thylakoid membrane released and used to including chlorophylls a structure: it contains a 3D composition and banks and seed stores and
from the thylakoid space attach Pi to ADP to make and b, beta carotene and mesh of peptidoglycan population sizes) and are reintroduction
into the stroma. ATP. xanthophylls. (murein). subject to change. programmes.