Core Concepts specification tracker
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, C.1 Biological compounds C.2 Cell structure and organisatC.3 Cell membranes and transpC.4 Enzymes C.5 Nucleic acids
The cytoplasm of eukaryotic
cells is organised by
membranous structures e.g.
Golgi body/apparatus, nuclear
envelope, endoplasmic
Candidates should reticulum, lysosomes, All cells are surrounded by a
distinguish between the mitochondria, chloroplasts, membrane which may be Understand that metabolism The components of a
terms: atom, molecule, and the membranes of these called the cell surface is a combination of anabolic nucleotide are pentose sugar,
element, compound, organic, structures may be referred to membrane or the plasma and catabolic reactions that phosphate plus organic base
inorganic. as internal cell membranes. membrane. are catalysed by enzymes. which contains nitrogen.
Internal cell membranes are The general characteristics of
important in providing a enzymes are due to their Candidates should be able to
transport system, separating biochemical nature as label the general structure of
areas from the rest of the globular proteins, showing adenosine triphosphate
cytoplasm, providing a large specificity, requiring certain
The most common elements surface area for the conditions and with a mode (ATP): ribose sugar,
in living organisms are attachment of enzymes and The cell membrane appears of action lowering the nitrogenous base and three
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and other reactants, ATP under the electron activation energy of a phosphate groups joined
nitrogen. synthesis. microscope as a double line. reaction. together.
Energy is required to combine
ADP and phosphate to form
ATP and this is an
The roles of Mg2+, Fe2+,
PO43– in cell metabolism in endergonic reaction e.g. cell
plants and animals. This respiration.
should include their role as Energy is released when ATP
components of biological is hydrolysed to ADP and
molecules, e.g. chlorophyll, Candidates should be able to phosphate; this is linked to
haemoglobin, nucleic acids recognise on a diagram or energy-requiring (endergonic)
and phospholipids. The role electron micrograph, and draw reactions e.g. active transport,
of Ca2+ in strengthening on a generalised diagram of a The usual distance across the movement, e.g. muscle
tissues e.g. bones and teeth cell, the above organelles and cell membrane under the The substrate binds to part of contraction, synthesis of
in animals and cell walls in ribosomes, understanding electron microscope is the protein called the active organic chemicals, e.g.
plants. their relative size. 7-8nm. site. proteins.