BIO 322: Cell Biology OpenStax Biology 2e Chapter 3
Biological Macromolecules Questions With Complete
Solutions
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) Correct Answers type of
secondary protein structure formed by folding the polypeptide
into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
amino acid Correct Answers a protein's monomer; has a central
carbon or alpha carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl
group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is attached; the
R group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) Correct Answers secondary
structure in proteins in which hydrogen bonding forms "pleats"
between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule Correct Answers large molecule
necessary for life that is built from smaller organic molecules
carbohydrate Correct Answers biological macromolecule in
which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1;
carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in
cells and form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
cellulose Correct Answers polysaccharide that comprises the
plants' cell wall; provides structural support to the cell
chaperone (also Correct Answers chaperonin), protein that
helps nascent protein in the folding process
, chitin Correct Answers type of carbohydrate that forms the
outer skeleton of all arthropods that include crustaceans and
insects; it also forms fungi cell walls
dehydration synthesis (also Correct Answers condensation),
reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water
molecule for each bond formed
denaturation Correct Answers loss of shape in a protein as a
result of changes in temperature, pH, or chemical exposure
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Correct Answers double-helical
molecule that carries the cell's hereditary information
disaccharide Correct Answers two sugar monomers that a
glycosidic bond links
enzyme Correct Answers catalyst in a biochemical reaction that
is usually a complex or conjugated protein
glycogen Correct Answers storage carbohydrate in animals
glycosidic bond Correct Answers bond formed by a
dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides with
eliminating a water molecule
hormone Correct Answers chemical signaling molecule,
usually protein or steroid, secreted by endocrine cells that act to
control or regulate specific physiological processes
Biological Macromolecules Questions With Complete
Solutions
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) Correct Answers type of
secondary protein structure formed by folding the polypeptide
into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
amino acid Correct Answers a protein's monomer; has a central
carbon or alpha carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl
group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is attached; the
R group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) Correct Answers secondary
structure in proteins in which hydrogen bonding forms "pleats"
between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule Correct Answers large molecule
necessary for life that is built from smaller organic molecules
carbohydrate Correct Answers biological macromolecule in
which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1;
carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in
cells and form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
cellulose Correct Answers polysaccharide that comprises the
plants' cell wall; provides structural support to the cell
chaperone (also Correct Answers chaperonin), protein that
helps nascent protein in the folding process
, chitin Correct Answers type of carbohydrate that forms the
outer skeleton of all arthropods that include crustaceans and
insects; it also forms fungi cell walls
dehydration synthesis (also Correct Answers condensation),
reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water
molecule for each bond formed
denaturation Correct Answers loss of shape in a protein as a
result of changes in temperature, pH, or chemical exposure
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Correct Answers double-helical
molecule that carries the cell's hereditary information
disaccharide Correct Answers two sugar monomers that a
glycosidic bond links
enzyme Correct Answers catalyst in a biochemical reaction that
is usually a complex or conjugated protein
glycogen Correct Answers storage carbohydrate in animals
glycosidic bond Correct Answers bond formed by a
dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides with
eliminating a water molecule
hormone Correct Answers chemical signaling molecule,
usually protein or steroid, secreted by endocrine cells that act to
control or regulate specific physiological processes
