Bio 322 Midterm 1 with correct answers 100% 2026

Bio 322 Midterm 1 with correct answers 100% 2026 gene - Correct Answer Unit of heredity containing the instructions that dictate the characteristics or phenotype of an organism; in molecular terms, a segment of DNA that directs the production of a particular protein or functional RNA molecule. transription - Correct Answer Process in which RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA sequence. RNA - Correct Answer Molecule produced by the transcription of DNA; usually single-stranded, it is a polynucleotide composed of covalently linked ribonucleotide subunits. Serves a variety of informational, structural, catalytic, and regulatory functions in cells RNA transcript - Correct Answer RNA molecule produced by transcription that is complementary to one strand of DNA RNA polymerase - Correct Answer Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template using ribonucleoside triphosphate precursors messenger RNA (mRNA) - Correct Answer RNA molecule that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein gene expression - Correct Answer The process by which a gene makes a product that is useful to the cell or organism by directing the synthesis of a protein or an RNA molecule with a characteristic activity promoter - Correct Answer DNA sequence that initiates gene transcription; includes sequences recognized by RNA polymerase and its accessory proteins general transcription factors - Correct Answer Proteins that assemble on the promoters of eukaryotic genes near the start site of transcription and load the RNA polymerase in the correct position RNA processing - Correct Answer Broad term for the modifications that a precursor mRNA undergoes as it matures into an mRNA. It typically includes 5′ capping, RNA splicing, and 3′ polyadenylation. RNA capping - Correct Answer The modification of the 5′ end of a maturing RNA transcript by the addition of an atypical nucleotide Polyadenylation - Correct Answer The addition of multiple adenine nucleotides to the 3′ end of a newly synthesized mRNA molecule