EVALUATION 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
ANSWER SHEET GRADED A+
⩥ Risk.
Answer: Chance of loss or uncertainty.
⩥ Pure Risk.
Answer: Only chance of loss or no loss. Example: death, sickness,
disability, fire.
⩥ Speculative Risk.
Answer: Chance of gain or loss. Example: gambling, investing.
⩥ Loss Exposure.
Answer: Condition that increases chance of loss.
⩥ Hazards.
Answer: Conditions that increase risk.
⩥ Physical Hazard.
Answer: Tangible condition. Example: icy stairs, poor health.
,⩥ Moral Hazard.
Answer: Dishonesty / fraud. Example: lying on an application.
⩥ Morale Hazard.
Answer: Carelessness / indifference. Example: reckless behavior
because insured.
⩥ Peril.
Answer: Cause of loss. Example: fire, illness, accident.
⩥ Loss.
Answer: Reduction in value due to a peril.
⩥ Risk Management Methods.
Answer: Avoidance = avoid the risk entirely; Retention = keep the risk;
Reduction = lower the chance/severity; Transfer = shift the risk
(insurance).
⩥ Law of Large Numbers.
Answer: The larger the number of similar risks, the more accurately
insurers can predict losses.
, ⩥ Insurable Risk Requirements.
Answer: To be insurable, risk should have: large number of similar
exposures, definite and measurable loss, accidental / fortuitous loss, not
catastrophic to insurer, affordable premium.
⩥ Insurance Contract Basics.
Answer: Insurance policies are legal contracts.
⩥ Elements of a Legal Contract.
Answer: Offer, Acceptance, Consideration, Competent parties, Legal
purpose.
⩥ Consideration.
Answer: Applicant's consideration: Premium, Statements on application;
Insurer's consideration: Promise to pay covered claims.
⩥ Characteristics of Insurance Contracts.
Answer: Contract of Adhesion, Aleatory, Unilateral, Conditional,
Personal.
⩥ Representation.
Answer: Statement believed true.