WILKES UNIVERSIT Y
NSG 530 Exam 4 Study Guide
Graduate Nursing Program
NSG 530 — Advanced Pathophysiology
Academic Year: 2026/2027 Comprehensive Question Bank
Question 1
Epidural hemorrhage/hematoma is characterized by:
A. Blood collects between skull and dura mater
B. Blood lies below the dura mater
C. Bleeding in the subarachnoid space
D. Extravasation of blood within the brain tissue
CORRECT ANSWER A. Blood collects between skull and dura mater
RATIONALE: Epidural hematoma occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and dura mater, often
from middle meningeal artery rupture, presenting with a lucid interval followed by rapid deterioration.
,Question 2
Cranial hemorrhages are:
A. Bleeding that occurs within the skull
B. Bleeding in the subarachnoid space from aneurysm rupture
C. Congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord
D. Injuries resulting in damage to the spinal cord
CORRECT ANSWER A. Bleeding that occurs within the skull
RATIONALE: Cranial hemorrhages include all bleeding within the skull, including epidural, subdural,
subarachnoid, and intracerebral hemorrhage.
Question 3
Myeloma is best described as:
A. Malignant proliferation of plasma cells that infiltrate the bone marrow and aggregate into
tumor masses
B. Malignant disorder of the bone marrow and blood with excessive leukemic cells
C. Bleeding disorder characterized by low platelet count
D. Inherited disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin
CORRECT ANSWER A. Malignant proliferation of plasma cells that infiltrate the bone marrow and
aggregate into tumor masses
RATIONALE: Myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells that proliferate and infiltrate bone marrow, forming
tumor masses (plasmacytomas) in skeletal and other sites.
,Question 4
Spinal cord injuries result in:
A. Bleeding within the skull
B. Congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord
C. Loss of function below the level of injury
D. Dislocation of a disc resulting in pressure against the spinal cord
CORRECT ANSWER C. Loss of function below the level of injury
RATIONALE: Spinal cord injuries cause loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function below the level of
the injury, with severity depending on the extent and location of the damage.
Question 5
Thalassemia Major (Cooley's Anemia) is characterized by:
A. Homozygous severe anemia requiring transfusions, with delayed growth, bone problems
causing facial changes, liver and gall bladder issues, splenomegaly, enlarged kidneys, diabetes,
hypothyroidism, heart issues
B. Heterozygous with fatigue, weakness, pale or jaundice skin, slow growth, and ascites
C. Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells
D. Abnormal hemoglobin leading to misshapen red blood cells
CORRECT ANSWER A. Homozygous severe anemia requiring transfusions, with delayed growth,
bone problems causing facial changes, liver and gall bladder issues, splenomegaly, enlarged
kidneys, diabetes, hypothyroidism, heart issues
RATIONALE: Thalassemia major (homozygous) causes severe anemia requiring chronic transfusions, with
multiple organ complications including growth delay, bone deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, and endocrine
dysfunction.
, Question 6
Contiguous osteomyelitis is characterized by:
A. Infectious organisms reaching the bone through the blood stream
B. Infection spreading to adjacent bone from open fractures, penetrating wounds, or surgical
procedures
C. Autoimmune destruction of bone
D. Metabolic bone disease
CORRECT ANSWER B. Infection spreading to adjacent bone from open fractures, penetrating
wounds, or surgical procedures
RATIONALE: Contiguous osteomyelitis occurs when infection spreads directly from an adjacent source
such as open fractures, penetrating wounds, or surgical procedures.
Question 7
Addison's Disease is characterized by:
A. Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH
B. Primary adrenal insufficiency caused by autoimmune mechanisms destroying adrenal cortical
cells
C. Excessive ADH secretion
D. Insufficiency of ADH
CORRECT ANSWER B. Primary adrenal insufficiency caused by autoimmune mechanisms
destroying adrenal cortical cells
RATIONALE: Addison's disease is primary adrenal insufficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of
adrenal cortex, leading to low cortisol and aldosterone with fatigue, weight loss, darkened skin, low BP,
hypoglycemia, and GI symptoms.
NSG 530 Exam 4 Study Guide
Graduate Nursing Program
NSG 530 — Advanced Pathophysiology
Academic Year: 2026/2027 Comprehensive Question Bank
Question 1
Epidural hemorrhage/hematoma is characterized by:
A. Blood collects between skull and dura mater
B. Blood lies below the dura mater
C. Bleeding in the subarachnoid space
D. Extravasation of blood within the brain tissue
CORRECT ANSWER A. Blood collects between skull and dura mater
RATIONALE: Epidural hematoma occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and dura mater, often
from middle meningeal artery rupture, presenting with a lucid interval followed by rapid deterioration.
,Question 2
Cranial hemorrhages are:
A. Bleeding that occurs within the skull
B. Bleeding in the subarachnoid space from aneurysm rupture
C. Congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord
D. Injuries resulting in damage to the spinal cord
CORRECT ANSWER A. Bleeding that occurs within the skull
RATIONALE: Cranial hemorrhages include all bleeding within the skull, including epidural, subdural,
subarachnoid, and intracerebral hemorrhage.
Question 3
Myeloma is best described as:
A. Malignant proliferation of plasma cells that infiltrate the bone marrow and aggregate into
tumor masses
B. Malignant disorder of the bone marrow and blood with excessive leukemic cells
C. Bleeding disorder characterized by low platelet count
D. Inherited disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin
CORRECT ANSWER A. Malignant proliferation of plasma cells that infiltrate the bone marrow and
aggregate into tumor masses
RATIONALE: Myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells that proliferate and infiltrate bone marrow, forming
tumor masses (plasmacytomas) in skeletal and other sites.
,Question 4
Spinal cord injuries result in:
A. Bleeding within the skull
B. Congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord
C. Loss of function below the level of injury
D. Dislocation of a disc resulting in pressure against the spinal cord
CORRECT ANSWER C. Loss of function below the level of injury
RATIONALE: Spinal cord injuries cause loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function below the level of
the injury, with severity depending on the extent and location of the damage.
Question 5
Thalassemia Major (Cooley's Anemia) is characterized by:
A. Homozygous severe anemia requiring transfusions, with delayed growth, bone problems
causing facial changes, liver and gall bladder issues, splenomegaly, enlarged kidneys, diabetes,
hypothyroidism, heart issues
B. Heterozygous with fatigue, weakness, pale or jaundice skin, slow growth, and ascites
C. Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells
D. Abnormal hemoglobin leading to misshapen red blood cells
CORRECT ANSWER A. Homozygous severe anemia requiring transfusions, with delayed growth,
bone problems causing facial changes, liver and gall bladder issues, splenomegaly, enlarged
kidneys, diabetes, hypothyroidism, heart issues
RATIONALE: Thalassemia major (homozygous) causes severe anemia requiring chronic transfusions, with
multiple organ complications including growth delay, bone deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, and endocrine
dysfunction.
, Question 6
Contiguous osteomyelitis is characterized by:
A. Infectious organisms reaching the bone through the blood stream
B. Infection spreading to adjacent bone from open fractures, penetrating wounds, or surgical
procedures
C. Autoimmune destruction of bone
D. Metabolic bone disease
CORRECT ANSWER B. Infection spreading to adjacent bone from open fractures, penetrating
wounds, or surgical procedures
RATIONALE: Contiguous osteomyelitis occurs when infection spreads directly from an adjacent source
such as open fractures, penetrating wounds, or surgical procedures.
Question 7
Addison's Disease is characterized by:
A. Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH
B. Primary adrenal insufficiency caused by autoimmune mechanisms destroying adrenal cortical
cells
C. Excessive ADH secretion
D. Insufficiency of ADH
CORRECT ANSWER B. Primary adrenal insufficiency caused by autoimmune mechanisms
destroying adrenal cortical cells
RATIONALE: Addison's disease is primary adrenal insufficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of
adrenal cortex, leading to low cortisol and aldosterone with fatigue, weight loss, darkened skin, low BP,
hypoglycemia, and GI symptoms.
