ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY
2026/2027 | LATEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? - ANS-Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
ANS-Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential
from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - ANS-Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? -
ANS-Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANS-Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? -
ANS-Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability
to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused
by an _____ gene - ANS-Answer: Autosomal recessive
, How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANS-Answer: By adenosine
triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - ANS-Answer:
Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANS-Answer: Reduced
protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? - ANS-
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - ANS-Answer: Turner
syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? - ANS-Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - ANS-Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: - ANS-Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? - ANS-
Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANS-Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth
and development
MIDTERM 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY
2026/2027 | LATEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? - ANS-Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
ANS-Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential
from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - ANS-Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? -
ANS-Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANS-Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? -
ANS-Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability
to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused
by an _____ gene - ANS-Answer: Autosomal recessive
, How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANS-Answer: By adenosine
triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - ANS-Answer:
Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANS-Answer: Reduced
protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? - ANS-
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - ANS-Answer: Turner
syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? - ANS-Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - ANS-Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: - ANS-Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? - ANS-
Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANS-Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth
and development
