Bio 111: lab Tamu Exam 1 Questions
with All Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Accuracy - Answer a measure of how close a result matches a correct or standard value
Precision - Answer a measure of variability. For example, three darts placed close together on
a dartboard indicate high precision, but if this cluster of darts is far from the bullseye it would
also indicate low accuracy
Aliquot - Answer a portion of something (noun); or to divide or transfer a portion of
something (verb). For this lab, aliquot refers to an amount of liquid
Micropipette - Answer an instrument used to measure/deliver amounts of liquid with high
accuracy and precision. Micropipettes are expensive so treat these with respect
Spectrophotometer - Answer an instrument for measuring the intensity of light that is
transmitted through a sample (transmittance) or absorbed by a sample (absorbance). In this lab,
you will measure light absorbance at a defined wavelength
Molar weight - Answer a measure of mass. By definition, a mole is 6x1023 objects
Standard curve - Answer a graph in which properties of known samples are measured and
plotted. The direct proportionality of these properties can then be used to determine the same
information from unknown samples. In this lab, a standard curve of Absorbance versus protein
concentration will be used to determine the concentration of protein in an unknown sample.
Concentration - Answer C1V1=C2V2
Enzyme - Answer molecules which catalyze biochemical reaction and bind specific reactants,
referred to as substrates.
Enzyme activity - Answer is affected by the concentration of both enzyme and substrates,
temp, and pH.
β-Galactosidase (β-Gal) - Answer an enzyme produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) that
catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown of a molecule by using up a water molecule) of the
disaccharide lactose to the monosaccharides galactose and glucose
, ONPG and galactose - Answer are colorless
Ortho-nitrophenol - Answer is bright yellow with an absorption wavelength of 420 nm.
Because of the colored product, we can measure enzyme activity by monitoring ortho-
nitrophenol production using a spectrophotometer.
Cellular respiration - Answer all the processes a living organism uses to produce ATP
(adenosine triphosphate). These processes include: glycolysis, fermentation, oxidation of
pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle
Cellular respiration 2 - Answer cellular respiration will use O2 as a final electron acceptor. This
aerobic respiration results in a consumption of O2 as the cells produce ATP.
Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) - Answer generally produces fewer ATP molecules
(through glycolysis), but is useful when O2 is not available as the final electron acceptor.
Instead, an organic molecule (or sometimes an inorganic compound) is used as the final
electron acceptor, resulting in oxidation of NADH back to NAD+ at the end of the reactions. In
the absence of O2, the NAD+ must be continually regenerated through these reactions in order
to continue to produce ATP through the glycolytic pathway
Respirometer - Answer measures the volume of oxygen consumed indirectly, as the CO2
present in the tube, including the CO2 produced by respiration, is absorbed by the KOH in the
bottom of the tube.
Why does the indicator fluid move up in the tube? - Answer As the oxygen is consumed by
respiration and converted into water, and as CO2 is produced, a negative pressure will develop
as molecules of gas are converted to liquid and solid phase molecules. This will draw the
indicator fluid in the manometer up the indicator tube
Sodium azide - Answer is metabolic poison and disrupts the mitochondrial electron transport
chain
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) - Answer Yeast; used as eukaryotic experimental
model and in fermentation
Sucrose - Answer table sugar, made of glucose and fructose, disaccharide, slowest rate of
fermentation
Glucose - Answer monosaccharide, fastest rate of fermentation
Fructose - Answer monosaccharide
with All Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Accuracy - Answer a measure of how close a result matches a correct or standard value
Precision - Answer a measure of variability. For example, three darts placed close together on
a dartboard indicate high precision, but if this cluster of darts is far from the bullseye it would
also indicate low accuracy
Aliquot - Answer a portion of something (noun); or to divide or transfer a portion of
something (verb). For this lab, aliquot refers to an amount of liquid
Micropipette - Answer an instrument used to measure/deliver amounts of liquid with high
accuracy and precision. Micropipettes are expensive so treat these with respect
Spectrophotometer - Answer an instrument for measuring the intensity of light that is
transmitted through a sample (transmittance) or absorbed by a sample (absorbance). In this lab,
you will measure light absorbance at a defined wavelength
Molar weight - Answer a measure of mass. By definition, a mole is 6x1023 objects
Standard curve - Answer a graph in which properties of known samples are measured and
plotted. The direct proportionality of these properties can then be used to determine the same
information from unknown samples. In this lab, a standard curve of Absorbance versus protein
concentration will be used to determine the concentration of protein in an unknown sample.
Concentration - Answer C1V1=C2V2
Enzyme - Answer molecules which catalyze biochemical reaction and bind specific reactants,
referred to as substrates.
Enzyme activity - Answer is affected by the concentration of both enzyme and substrates,
temp, and pH.
β-Galactosidase (β-Gal) - Answer an enzyme produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) that
catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown of a molecule by using up a water molecule) of the
disaccharide lactose to the monosaccharides galactose and glucose
, ONPG and galactose - Answer are colorless
Ortho-nitrophenol - Answer is bright yellow with an absorption wavelength of 420 nm.
Because of the colored product, we can measure enzyme activity by monitoring ortho-
nitrophenol production using a spectrophotometer.
Cellular respiration - Answer all the processes a living organism uses to produce ATP
(adenosine triphosphate). These processes include: glycolysis, fermentation, oxidation of
pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle
Cellular respiration 2 - Answer cellular respiration will use O2 as a final electron acceptor. This
aerobic respiration results in a consumption of O2 as the cells produce ATP.
Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) - Answer generally produces fewer ATP molecules
(through glycolysis), but is useful when O2 is not available as the final electron acceptor.
Instead, an organic molecule (or sometimes an inorganic compound) is used as the final
electron acceptor, resulting in oxidation of NADH back to NAD+ at the end of the reactions. In
the absence of O2, the NAD+ must be continually regenerated through these reactions in order
to continue to produce ATP through the glycolytic pathway
Respirometer - Answer measures the volume of oxygen consumed indirectly, as the CO2
present in the tube, including the CO2 produced by respiration, is absorbed by the KOH in the
bottom of the tube.
Why does the indicator fluid move up in the tube? - Answer As the oxygen is consumed by
respiration and converted into water, and as CO2 is produced, a negative pressure will develop
as molecules of gas are converted to liquid and solid phase molecules. This will draw the
indicator fluid in the manometer up the indicator tube
Sodium azide - Answer is metabolic poison and disrupts the mitochondrial electron transport
chain
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) - Answer Yeast; used as eukaryotic experimental
model and in fermentation
Sucrose - Answer table sugar, made of glucose and fructose, disaccharide, slowest rate of
fermentation
Glucose - Answer monosaccharide, fastest rate of fermentation
Fructose - Answer monosaccharide
