BIOL 111: FINAL TAMU – FLETCHER
Study Guide Exam with Actual
Detailed Answers 2026 Updated.
The element present in all organic molecules is - Answer Carbon
Cell membranes have distinct inside and outside faces. Which of the following statements is the
most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature? - Answer The two sides of
a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions
Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions? - Answer They maintain a
relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them
When are most atoms stable? - Answer When all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell
are filled
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? - Answer Carboxyl and amino
groups
Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct
statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)? - Answer Each hydrogen atom has a partial
positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge
Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA? - Answer Type of sugar
Saturated fats ________ - Answer Contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats that consist
of the same number of carbon atoms
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids - Answer The
components of the R group
The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between _________
- Answer Nucleotide and nucleic acid
Which of the following is considered to be a strong base (alkali)? - Answer NaOH → Na⁺ +
OH⁻
, Which statement about the sodium - potassium pump is false? - Answer It is considered a
symporter
For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be _________ - Answer
amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region
About 25 of the 98 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25
elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? - Answer Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen
Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis? - Answer In osmosis, water
moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute
concentration
Which of the following is broken when water evaporates? - Answer Hydrogen bonds
What element does not prefer to react with other elements? - Answer Neon
How much sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) would it take to make 1000mL of a 2M solution? -
Answer 104g
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? - Answer Small and
hydrophobic
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3', the mRNA synthesized
following the template will be _____
__ - Answer 3'-UAACGU-5'
Which is false regarding alpha helices and beta pleated sheets? - Answer A beta pleated
sheet forms a covalent bond between atoms on the backbone of the polypeptide
Which of the following molecules dramatically increases the rate of diffusion of water across cell
membranes? - Answer Aquaporins
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? - Answer Covalent bonds
involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons
between charged atoms
The molecule illustrated in the figure _________ - Answer will be liquid at room temperature
Study Guide Exam with Actual
Detailed Answers 2026 Updated.
The element present in all organic molecules is - Answer Carbon
Cell membranes have distinct inside and outside faces. Which of the following statements is the
most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature? - Answer The two sides of
a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions
Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions? - Answer They maintain a
relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them
When are most atoms stable? - Answer When all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell
are filled
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? - Answer Carboxyl and amino
groups
Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct
statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)? - Answer Each hydrogen atom has a partial
positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge
Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA? - Answer Type of sugar
Saturated fats ________ - Answer Contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats that consist
of the same number of carbon atoms
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids - Answer The
components of the R group
The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between _________
- Answer Nucleotide and nucleic acid
Which of the following is considered to be a strong base (alkali)? - Answer NaOH → Na⁺ +
OH⁻
, Which statement about the sodium - potassium pump is false? - Answer It is considered a
symporter
For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be _________ - Answer
amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region
About 25 of the 98 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25
elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? - Answer Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen
Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis? - Answer In osmosis, water
moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute
concentration
Which of the following is broken when water evaporates? - Answer Hydrogen bonds
What element does not prefer to react with other elements? - Answer Neon
How much sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) would it take to make 1000mL of a 2M solution? -
Answer 104g
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? - Answer Small and
hydrophobic
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3', the mRNA synthesized
following the template will be _____
__ - Answer 3'-UAACGU-5'
Which is false regarding alpha helices and beta pleated sheets? - Answer A beta pleated
sheet forms a covalent bond between atoms on the backbone of the polypeptide
Which of the following molecules dramatically increases the rate of diffusion of water across cell
membranes? - Answer Aquaporins
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? - Answer Covalent bonds
involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons
between charged atoms
The molecule illustrated in the figure _________ - Answer will be liquid at room temperature
