NSG 3100 exam 4 Latest 2026/2025;New
100 Questions and Answers/100%
Correct/Graded A+.(Galen College of
Nursing)
---
**Question 1:**
When a client's serum sodium level is 120 mEq/L, the priority nursing
assessment is to monitor the status of which body system?
A) Cardiac
B) Respiratory
C) Neurological
D) Renal
**Answer: C) Neurological**
**Rationale:** Severe hyponatremia (sodium <125 mEq/L) causes
water to shift into brain cells, leading to cerebral edema. Neurologic
changes like confusion, seizures, and coma are the primary life-
threatening concerns. Cardiac, respiratory, and renal assessments are
secondary in this situation .
,---
**Question 2:**
A nurse is caring for a client who has had diarrhea for 48 hours and has
developed fatigue, muscle weakness, and an irregular pulse. Which
laboratory result should the nurse correlate with these signs and
symptoms?
A) Serum phosphate of 4.0 mEq/L
B) Serum magnesium of 2.0 mEq/L
C) Serum calcium of 9.5 mEq/L
D) Serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L
**Answer: D) Serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L**
**Rationale:** Prolonged diarrhea causes significant potassium loss.
Hypokalemia (normal range 3.5-5.0 mEq/L) results in fatigue, muscle
weakness, leg cramps, and cardiac dysrhythmias (irregular pulse). The
other values are within normal ranges and do not explain the
symptoms .
---
**Question 3:**
One of the first indications of fluid volume deficit is:
,A) Bradycardia
B) Hypotension
C) Tachycardia
D) Increased urine output
**Answer: C) Tachycardia**
**Rationale:** Tachycardia is an early compensatory mechanism in
fluid volume deficit. The heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output
when circulating blood volume decreases. This occurs before blood
pressure drops significantly .
---
**Question 4:**
The single best indicator of a client's fluid status is:
A) Skin turgor
B) Intake and output
C) Daily body weight
D) Urine specific gravity
**Answer: C) Daily body weight**
, **Rationale:** Daily body weight is the most sensitive measure of fluid
balance. A change of 1 kg corresponds to approximately 1 liter of fluid.
Weight gain may indicate fluid retention, while weight loss may
indicate dehydration .
---
**Question 5:**
The majority of body fluid is located in which area?
A) Intravascular space
B) Interstitial space
C) Intracellular space
D) Transcellular space
**Answer: C) Intracellular space**
**Rationale:** Approximately two-thirds of total body water is located
within the intracellular space (ICF). The remaining one-third is in the
extracellular space (ECF), which includes intravascular and interstitial
fluid .
---
**Question 6:**
100 Questions and Answers/100%
Correct/Graded A+.(Galen College of
Nursing)
---
**Question 1:**
When a client's serum sodium level is 120 mEq/L, the priority nursing
assessment is to monitor the status of which body system?
A) Cardiac
B) Respiratory
C) Neurological
D) Renal
**Answer: C) Neurological**
**Rationale:** Severe hyponatremia (sodium <125 mEq/L) causes
water to shift into brain cells, leading to cerebral edema. Neurologic
changes like confusion, seizures, and coma are the primary life-
threatening concerns. Cardiac, respiratory, and renal assessments are
secondary in this situation .
,---
**Question 2:**
A nurse is caring for a client who has had diarrhea for 48 hours and has
developed fatigue, muscle weakness, and an irregular pulse. Which
laboratory result should the nurse correlate with these signs and
symptoms?
A) Serum phosphate of 4.0 mEq/L
B) Serum magnesium of 2.0 mEq/L
C) Serum calcium of 9.5 mEq/L
D) Serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L
**Answer: D) Serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L**
**Rationale:** Prolonged diarrhea causes significant potassium loss.
Hypokalemia (normal range 3.5-5.0 mEq/L) results in fatigue, muscle
weakness, leg cramps, and cardiac dysrhythmias (irregular pulse). The
other values are within normal ranges and do not explain the
symptoms .
---
**Question 3:**
One of the first indications of fluid volume deficit is:
,A) Bradycardia
B) Hypotension
C) Tachycardia
D) Increased urine output
**Answer: C) Tachycardia**
**Rationale:** Tachycardia is an early compensatory mechanism in
fluid volume deficit. The heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output
when circulating blood volume decreases. This occurs before blood
pressure drops significantly .
---
**Question 4:**
The single best indicator of a client's fluid status is:
A) Skin turgor
B) Intake and output
C) Daily body weight
D) Urine specific gravity
**Answer: C) Daily body weight**
, **Rationale:** Daily body weight is the most sensitive measure of fluid
balance. A change of 1 kg corresponds to approximately 1 liter of fluid.
Weight gain may indicate fluid retention, while weight loss may
indicate dehydration .
---
**Question 5:**
The majority of body fluid is located in which area?
A) Intravascular space
B) Interstitial space
C) Intracellular space
D) Transcellular space
**Answer: C) Intracellular space**
**Rationale:** Approximately two-thirds of total body water is located
within the intracellular space (ICF). The remaining one-third is in the
extracellular space (ECF), which includes intravascular and interstitial
fluid .
---
**Question 6:**
