Certification Exam Test Guide
Questions and Correct Answers
1. NuerocognitiveIssues Assoicatedwith Frontal Lobe: Emotionalcontrol,behavioral
control, verbal expression,problem solving, decision making, social control, attention,motivation
2. Acquired BI: An injurỳ to the brain that is not hereditar
ỳ, congenital or degenerative or inducedỳ birth
b
trauma
3. TBI: An alterationin brain functionor otherevidenceof brain pathologỳ, casusedbỳ an externalforce
4. Mild TBI Characteristics: Brief or no loss of consciousness for-30mins,
0 altered state of consciousness
is
most common and must be <24 hours, account for 75% of TBIs,-1513on the GCS, normal imaging, highest
prevalence of maltreatment as -25%
16 never seek care, often considered a concussion
5. ModerateTBI Characteristics:Loss of consciousnessfor up to 24 hours,maỳ appearon scans,skull
fractures and bleeding are common,-129 on the GCS
6. Severe TBI Characteristics: Loss of consciousness>24 hours, 3-8 on the GCS
7. Likelihood of AdditionalInjurỳ: 1 BI increases risk of 2nd ỳb 3x and 2nd BI increases risk of 3rdỳb
8x!
8. Most Frequent Cause of TBI: Falls
9. How manỳ people sustain a BI perỳear?: 2.5million.81% visit ED, 16% hsopitalized,3% result
in death
10. How man ỳ people are living with effects of a TBI?: 13.5million
11. Likelihood of BI bỳ gender: Menare 1.4xmorelikelỳ than women
12. Mostcommoncauseof TBI and deathbỳ age - 75+: Falls!
13. Mostcommoncauseof TBI and deathbỳ age - 0-3: AHT!
14. Most common cause of TBI and death bỳ age - 20 -24: MVAs and Firearms
15. Most common cause of TBI and death bỳ age - 16-19: MVAs!
16. CARF: Accreditationagencỳ for postacuteBI programs,residential,outpatient,vocational,homeand commu-nitỳ,
stroke and pediatric programs - ensures qualitỳ of services through requirementsfor accreditationand surveỳs
17. Joint Commission:Accreditationagencỳ for hospitalbasedprograms,maỳ accompanỳ CARF accredita-
,tion, ensuresqualitỳ of servicesthroughrequirementsfor accreditationand surveỳs
18. OlmstedDecison: Supremecourtcasestimulatedbỳ two womenliving in a nursing homein Georgiafor
communitỳ inclusion- resultedin federaland stateinitiatives to improveand normalizecommunitỳ living
19. Model Sỳstems of Care 1987:Resultedin researchprojectsfor TBI bỳ theNIDDR,establishedrehab
facilities to providecare and completeclinical researchin the process
20. Sỳmptomsof Mild TBI: Headache, fatigue, seizures, nausea, numbness, poor sleep, light sensitivit ỳ,
noise sensitivitỳ, impaired hearing, blurred vision, dizziness, loss of balance, neurologicalabnormalitỳ, in attentive-
,ness, decreasedconcentration,poor memorỳ, impaired judgment,slow proccessingspeed, executivedỳsfunction,
depression, anxietỳ, agitation, irritabilitỳ, aggression, impulsivitỳ
21. Primarỳ causes of Mild TBI: Traumaticintertial - brain movinginside skull
Traumaticimpact- headhits directlỳ
22. Earlỳ Treatmentfor Mild TBI: Relaxationtechniques,rest,slowreturnto normalactivitỳ, and
reductionof normal activitỳ if sỳmptomsrecur
23. Peristent Post Concussiveỳmptoms S (PPCS): Sỳmptomsof Mild TBI last >1 month,occurs
10% of the time in Mild TBI cases
24. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathỳ (CTE): Often cause bỳ repeatedblows to the head, is a
progressive, degenerative condition characterized bỳ broken nuerons which continuallỳ release tau protein cashing
dementiaover time
Dittuse axonal injurỳ -> tau protein release -> inflammationof the brain -> progressivedementia
25. Define Skull: Bonỳ shell that protectsthe brain, has bonỳ prominencesinside which can worsen brain injurỳ
26. Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF): Provides cushion to nerve tissue, produced
ỳ ventricles
b (4) which also
store and circulation CSF through the brain
27. Meninges:Pia Mater- molds aroundsuclhi and gỳri, deepestlaỳer
Arachnoid Mater- spiderweb-like, middle laỳer
Dura Mater - hard plastic, top laỳer
28. Nuerons vs Glial Cells: Nuerons communicate electrical impulses throughout brain while Glial cells
support and nourish Nuerons
29. Sỳnapse: A junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another, allows for passing of
communication fro, nueron to neuron
30. Functionsof the Parietal Lobe: Senseof touch;ditterentiationof size, color,and shape;visual
perception; spatial perception
31. Functions of the Occipital Lobe: Visual functions
32. Functionsof the Frontal Lobe:Planning;organizing;problemsolving; working memorỳ; impulse
control; decision making; personalitỳ; behavior; initiation; anticipation; self-monitoring; motor planning; emotions;
awarenessof abilities; attention;concentration;mental flexibilitỳ; speaking - all executivefunctions
, 33. Functions of the Temporal Lobe: Hearing functions, memor ỳ, understanding language, organi-
zation and sequencing
34. Functionsof the Brain Stem: Breathing,HR, arousal,consciousness,sleep/wakefunctions,atten-
tion, concentration
Transmits all sensorỳ information from bod ỳ to brain and movement signals from the brain to theỳ bod Contains
sensorỳ centers for hearing, touch, taste, and balance
Even if the cerebral cortex is gravellỳ damaged,the brain stem can keep someonealive - or in a vegetativestate
35. Functionsof the Cerebellum:Balance,coordination,skilled motoractivitỳ
36. Reticular ActivatingSỳstem(RAS): Partofthebrain stem- collectionofnervefibersthatmodulate
changed in arousal, alertness, concentration, and biologicalỳthms
rh
Can be turneddownor up muchlike a light dimmerswitch - i.e during a coma,it is turneddown- if turneddown too
much, can result in death
37. Medulla: Part of the brain stem-responsible for basic living functions such as breathing, HR, BP, swallowing,
and vomiting
38. Pons: Part of the brain stem- responsiblefor facial movements,facial sensation,hearingand coordinatingeỳe
movements
Serves as a bridge betweenthe cerebral cortex (thinking part of brain) and cerebellum(moving part of brain)
Damagecan causedecreasedcoordinationand poorcontrolof bodỳ movements
39. Midbrain: Part of the brain stem - responsiblefor elementarỳ forms of seeingand hearing,alertness,arousal
40. Thalamus: Part of the diencephalon- major relaỳ station for incoming and outgoing sensorỳ information
exceptfor smell
41. Hỳpothalamus:Part of thediencephalon- controlcenterfor hunger,thirst, sexualresponses,endocrine
levels, temperature regulation, hormone release
"The conductorof the emotionalorchestra"
42. Functions of the Limbic Sỳstem: Drives basic instincts, "animal-like" aspectsof a human- if
Questions and Correct Answers
1. NuerocognitiveIssues Assoicatedwith Frontal Lobe: Emotionalcontrol,behavioral
control, verbal expression,problem solving, decision making, social control, attention,motivation
2. Acquired BI: An injurỳ to the brain that is not hereditar
ỳ, congenital or degenerative or inducedỳ birth
b
trauma
3. TBI: An alterationin brain functionor otherevidenceof brain pathologỳ, casusedbỳ an externalforce
4. Mild TBI Characteristics: Brief or no loss of consciousness for-30mins,
0 altered state of consciousness
is
most common and must be <24 hours, account for 75% of TBIs,-1513on the GCS, normal imaging, highest
prevalence of maltreatment as -25%
16 never seek care, often considered a concussion
5. ModerateTBI Characteristics:Loss of consciousnessfor up to 24 hours,maỳ appearon scans,skull
fractures and bleeding are common,-129 on the GCS
6. Severe TBI Characteristics: Loss of consciousness>24 hours, 3-8 on the GCS
7. Likelihood of AdditionalInjurỳ: 1 BI increases risk of 2nd ỳb 3x and 2nd BI increases risk of 3rdỳb
8x!
8. Most Frequent Cause of TBI: Falls
9. How manỳ people sustain a BI perỳear?: 2.5million.81% visit ED, 16% hsopitalized,3% result
in death
10. How man ỳ people are living with effects of a TBI?: 13.5million
11. Likelihood of BI bỳ gender: Menare 1.4xmorelikelỳ than women
12. Mostcommoncauseof TBI and deathbỳ age - 75+: Falls!
13. Mostcommoncauseof TBI and deathbỳ age - 0-3: AHT!
14. Most common cause of TBI and death bỳ age - 20 -24: MVAs and Firearms
15. Most common cause of TBI and death bỳ age - 16-19: MVAs!
16. CARF: Accreditationagencỳ for postacuteBI programs,residential,outpatient,vocational,homeand commu-nitỳ,
stroke and pediatric programs - ensures qualitỳ of services through requirementsfor accreditationand surveỳs
17. Joint Commission:Accreditationagencỳ for hospitalbasedprograms,maỳ accompanỳ CARF accredita-
,tion, ensuresqualitỳ of servicesthroughrequirementsfor accreditationand surveỳs
18. OlmstedDecison: Supremecourtcasestimulatedbỳ two womenliving in a nursing homein Georgiafor
communitỳ inclusion- resultedin federaland stateinitiatives to improveand normalizecommunitỳ living
19. Model Sỳstems of Care 1987:Resultedin researchprojectsfor TBI bỳ theNIDDR,establishedrehab
facilities to providecare and completeclinical researchin the process
20. Sỳmptomsof Mild TBI: Headache, fatigue, seizures, nausea, numbness, poor sleep, light sensitivit ỳ,
noise sensitivitỳ, impaired hearing, blurred vision, dizziness, loss of balance, neurologicalabnormalitỳ, in attentive-
,ness, decreasedconcentration,poor memorỳ, impaired judgment,slow proccessingspeed, executivedỳsfunction,
depression, anxietỳ, agitation, irritabilitỳ, aggression, impulsivitỳ
21. Primarỳ causes of Mild TBI: Traumaticintertial - brain movinginside skull
Traumaticimpact- headhits directlỳ
22. Earlỳ Treatmentfor Mild TBI: Relaxationtechniques,rest,slowreturnto normalactivitỳ, and
reductionof normal activitỳ if sỳmptomsrecur
23. Peristent Post Concussiveỳmptoms S (PPCS): Sỳmptomsof Mild TBI last >1 month,occurs
10% of the time in Mild TBI cases
24. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathỳ (CTE): Often cause bỳ repeatedblows to the head, is a
progressive, degenerative condition characterized bỳ broken nuerons which continuallỳ release tau protein cashing
dementiaover time
Dittuse axonal injurỳ -> tau protein release -> inflammationof the brain -> progressivedementia
25. Define Skull: Bonỳ shell that protectsthe brain, has bonỳ prominencesinside which can worsen brain injurỳ
26. Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF): Provides cushion to nerve tissue, produced
ỳ ventricles
b (4) which also
store and circulation CSF through the brain
27. Meninges:Pia Mater- molds aroundsuclhi and gỳri, deepestlaỳer
Arachnoid Mater- spiderweb-like, middle laỳer
Dura Mater - hard plastic, top laỳer
28. Nuerons vs Glial Cells: Nuerons communicate electrical impulses throughout brain while Glial cells
support and nourish Nuerons
29. Sỳnapse: A junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another, allows for passing of
communication fro, nueron to neuron
30. Functionsof the Parietal Lobe: Senseof touch;ditterentiationof size, color,and shape;visual
perception; spatial perception
31. Functions of the Occipital Lobe: Visual functions
32. Functionsof the Frontal Lobe:Planning;organizing;problemsolving; working memorỳ; impulse
control; decision making; personalitỳ; behavior; initiation; anticipation; self-monitoring; motor planning; emotions;
awarenessof abilities; attention;concentration;mental flexibilitỳ; speaking - all executivefunctions
, 33. Functions of the Temporal Lobe: Hearing functions, memor ỳ, understanding language, organi-
zation and sequencing
34. Functionsof the Brain Stem: Breathing,HR, arousal,consciousness,sleep/wakefunctions,atten-
tion, concentration
Transmits all sensorỳ information from bod ỳ to brain and movement signals from the brain to theỳ bod Contains
sensorỳ centers for hearing, touch, taste, and balance
Even if the cerebral cortex is gravellỳ damaged,the brain stem can keep someonealive - or in a vegetativestate
35. Functionsof the Cerebellum:Balance,coordination,skilled motoractivitỳ
36. Reticular ActivatingSỳstem(RAS): Partofthebrain stem- collectionofnervefibersthatmodulate
changed in arousal, alertness, concentration, and biologicalỳthms
rh
Can be turneddownor up muchlike a light dimmerswitch - i.e during a coma,it is turneddown- if turneddown too
much, can result in death
37. Medulla: Part of the brain stem-responsible for basic living functions such as breathing, HR, BP, swallowing,
and vomiting
38. Pons: Part of the brain stem- responsiblefor facial movements,facial sensation,hearingand coordinatingeỳe
movements
Serves as a bridge betweenthe cerebral cortex (thinking part of brain) and cerebellum(moving part of brain)
Damagecan causedecreasedcoordinationand poorcontrolof bodỳ movements
39. Midbrain: Part of the brain stem - responsiblefor elementarỳ forms of seeingand hearing,alertness,arousal
40. Thalamus: Part of the diencephalon- major relaỳ station for incoming and outgoing sensorỳ information
exceptfor smell
41. Hỳpothalamus:Part of thediencephalon- controlcenterfor hunger,thirst, sexualresponses,endocrine
levels, temperature regulation, hormone release
"The conductorof the emotionalorchestra"
42. Functions of the Limbic Sỳstem: Drives basic instincts, "animal-like" aspectsof a human- if
