2/9/25
Kinetic Theory
Kinetic Theory accounts for all 3 states of matter and assumes matter
consists of particles which are in continual motion.
Motion exists at all temperatures above 0 Kelvin. All particles exert forces of
attraction on each other so possess potential energy.
The sum of the potential energy of the particles and the kinetic
energy of the particles of a body is called the internal energy. In
gases all the energy is considered to be kinetic energy.
The Gas Laws
These laws apply to an ideal gas. An ideal gas is one in which there are no
forces of attraction between particles and all the internal energy is
dependent upon the temperature. Ideal gases do not exist in the real world,
however at temperatures well above the evaporation point and at low
pressures they are good approximations.
Boyle’s Law
pV = constant
for fixed mass at constant temperature
where p is in Pa
V is volume in m3
3/9/29
Gas Laws cont’d
,When T1>T2>T3
Charles’ Law
V/T = constant
volume is in m3
temperature is in K
for fixed mass at constant pressure
, -273 degrees C is absolute 0. This is the same as 0 Kelvin.
Pressure Law
p/T = constant
pressure is in Pa
temperature is in K
for fixed mass at constant volume.
Kinetic Theory
Kinetic Theory accounts for all 3 states of matter and assumes matter
consists of particles which are in continual motion.
Motion exists at all temperatures above 0 Kelvin. All particles exert forces of
attraction on each other so possess potential energy.
The sum of the potential energy of the particles and the kinetic
energy of the particles of a body is called the internal energy. In
gases all the energy is considered to be kinetic energy.
The Gas Laws
These laws apply to an ideal gas. An ideal gas is one in which there are no
forces of attraction between particles and all the internal energy is
dependent upon the temperature. Ideal gases do not exist in the real world,
however at temperatures well above the evaporation point and at low
pressures they are good approximations.
Boyle’s Law
pV = constant
for fixed mass at constant temperature
where p is in Pa
V is volume in m3
3/9/29
Gas Laws cont’d
,When T1>T2>T3
Charles’ Law
V/T = constant
volume is in m3
temperature is in K
for fixed mass at constant pressure
, -273 degrees C is absolute 0. This is the same as 0 Kelvin.
Pressure Law
p/T = constant
pressure is in Pa
temperature is in K
for fixed mass at constant volume.
