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Samenvatting Natuurkunde HAVO VWO Eindexamen UITGEBREID 2026 + 25 Oefenvragen - Krachten Newton Energie Elektriciteit Ohm Golven Licht Geluid EM-spectrum Trillingen 30+ Pagina's

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⚡ COMPLETE NATUURKUNDE — 30+ PAGINA'S EXAMENSTOF! Krachten (Newton 3 wetten, veerkracht F=C·u, wrijving, resultante), energie (kinetisch Ek=½mv², potentieel Ez=mgh, arbeid W=F·s, vermogen P=W/t, rendement), elektriciteit (V=I·R, serie/parallel, P=U·I, groepenkast), golven (trillingen, frequentie, golflengte, licht breking/reflectie, geluid dB, EM-spectrum). + 25 oefenvragen met uitwerking!

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Samenvatting Natuurkunde — HAVO/VWO Eindexamen
2026
UITGEBREIDE EDITIE — Krachten, Beweging, Energie,
Elektriciteit, Golven, Straling + 25 Oefenvragen
Complete Examenvoorbereiding

Versie: 2026 — UITGEBREIDE EDITIE
Geschikt voor: HAVO/VWO Natuurkunde eindexamen
Inhoud: Krachten + beweging + energie + elektriciteit + golven + straling + 25 oefenvragen
Omvang: 30+ pagina's


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DEEL 1: KRACHTEN
1.1 Soorten Krachten
Kracht Symbool Formule Eenheid
Zwaartekracht Fz Fz = m × g N
Veerkracht Fv Fv = C × u N
Wrijvingskracht Fw Tegengesteld aan N
beweging
Normaalkracht Fn Loodrecht op N
oppervlak
Spankracht Fs In touw/kabel N
Luchtweerstand Fl Afhankelijk van v² N


g = 9,81 N/kg (zwaartekrachtsversnelling op aarde)
→ Op de maan: g = 1,62 N/kg (6× minder!)

Massa ≠ gewicht!
Massa: hoeveel materie (kg) → OVERAL GELIJK
Gewicht: zwaartekracht (N) → afhankelijk van g
→ 80 kg op aarde: Fz = 80 × 9,81 = 785 N
→ 80 kg op maan: Fz = 80 × 1,62 = 130 N


1.2 Wetten van Newton
1e wet (TRAAGHEID):
Object blijft in rust of eenparige beweging
TENZIJ een nettokracht inwerkt

, → Autogordel: jij blijft doorbewegen bij remmen!

2e wet (F = m × a):
Nettokracht = massa × versnelling
→ Hoe groter de kracht → hoe groter de versnelling
→ Hoe groter de massa → hoe kleiner de versnelling

3e wet (ACTIE = -REACTIE):
Elke kracht heeft een even grote, tegengestelde reactiekracht
→ Jij duwt muur → muur duwt jou (even hard!)
→ Raket: gassen naar achteren → raket naar voren


1.3 Krachten Ontbinden en Samenstellen
Krachten zijn VECTOREN (grootte + richting)

Samenstellen: meerdere krachten → 1 resultante
→ Parallelogramregel of kop-staart methode

Ontbinden: 1 kracht → 2 componenten
→ Fx = F × cos(α)
→ Fy = F × sin(α)

Evenwicht: alle krachten samen = 0 → geen versnelling
→ Fres = 0 → stilstand of eenparige beweging




DEEL 2: BEWEGING
2.1 Soorten Bewegingen
Beweging Snelheid Versnelling Grafiek (s-t)
Eenparig Constant 0 Rechte lijn
Eenparig versneld Neemt toe Constant Parabool
Eenparig vertraagd Neemt af Constant (negatief) Parabool



2.2 Formules
Eenparige beweging:
s = v × t
v = s / t

Eenparig versnelde beweging:
v = v₀ + a × t
s = v₀ × t + ½ × a × t²
v² = v₀² + 2 × a × s

Vrije val (luchtweerstand verwaarlozen):
v₀ = 0, a = g = 9,81 m/s²
v = g × t
s = ½ × g × t²

Voorbeeld: steen valt 3 seconden:
v = 9,81 × 3 = 29,4 m/s
s = ½ × 9,81 × 9 = 44,1 m

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