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Samenvatting MBO Elektrotechniek 2026 + 20 Oefenvragen - Installatietechniek Groepenkast Motoren AC DC Driefase PLC Programmeren NEN 1010 Veiligheid Meetinstrumenten 25+ Pagina's

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Complete MBO Elektrotechniek — 25+ pagina's! Installatietechniek (groepenkast, aardlekschakelaar, bedrading, schakelschema's), motoren (AC/DC, driefase, sterdriehoek), PLC (Programmable Logic Controller, ladder-diagram), veiligheid (NEN 1010, LMRA, AVI, lockout-tagout), meetinstrumenten (multimeter, tangamperemeter), duurzame energie (zonnepanelen, warmtepomp). + 20 oefenvragen!

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Samenvatting MBO Elektrotechniek — Niveau 2 & 3
2026
UITGEBREIDE EDITIE — Basiselektro, Installatietechniek,
Motoren, PLC, Duurzaam, Veiligheid + 20 Oefenvragen
Complete Examenvoorbereiding

Versie: 2026 — UITGEBREIDE EDITIE
Geschikt voor: MBO Elektrotechniek niveau 2 & 3, Eerste Monteur Elektrotechniek
Inhoud: Basiselektro + installatietechniek + motoren + PLC + duurzaam + veiligheid + 20
oefenvragen
Omvang: 25+ pagina's


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DEEL 1: BASISELEKTRICITEIT
1.1 Grootheden en Eenheden
Grootheid Symbool Eenheid Betekenis
Spanning U Volt (V) "Drukverschil"
Stroomsterkte I Ampère (A) Lading per seconde
Weerstand R Ohm (Ω) Belemmering stroom
Vermogen P Watt (W) Energie per seconde
Energie E Joule (J) / kWh Totale arbeid
Frequentie f Hertz (Hz) Trillingen per seconde



1.2 Wet van Ohm + Vermogen
Wet van Ohm: U = I × R
Vermogen: P = U × I = I²R = U²/R
Energie: E = P × t

Voorbeelden:
Lamp 60W op 230V: I = P/U = 60/230 = 0,26A
Weerstand: R = U/I = 230/0,26 = 885Ω
Energie 4 uur: E = 60 × 4 = 240 Wh = 0,24 kWh

Eenheden onthouden:
kilo (k) = 1.000 mega (M) = 1.000.000
milli (m) = 0,001 micro (μ) = 0,000001

, 1.3 Schakelingen
SERIE:
R_totaal = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
I = overal gelijk
U_totaal = U₁ + U₂ + U₃

PARALLEL:
1/R_totaal = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
U = overal gelijk
I_totaal = I₁ + I₂ + I₃

GEMENGD: combinatie van serie + parallel
→ Eerst parallel uitrekenen → dan optellen bij serie

Kirchhoff:
1e wet (knooppunt): ΣI_in = ΣI_uit (stroom verdeelt)
2e wet (maas): ΣU = 0 (spanning rondom gesloten kring)




DEEL 2: WISSELSTROOM
2.1 Gelijk- vs. Wisselstroom
DC (Gelijkstroom): constant (accu, zonnepaneel)
AC (Wisselstroom): sinusvormig (stopcontact!)

Nederlands net:
Spanning: 230V (effectief) / 325V (piek!)
Frequentie: 50 Hz
→ 50 trillingen per seconde

3-fasen: 3 × 230V = 400V (krachtstroom)
→ L1, L2, L3 + N (nul) + PE (aarde)

Fasen verschoven: 120° uit fase
→ Constant vermogen (draaimotoren!)


2.2 Impedantie
AC-schakelingen: niet alleen R, maar ook:
- Spoelweerstand (XL): XL = 2π × f × L (inductief)
- Condensatorweerstand (XC): XC = 1/(2π × f × C) (capacitief)

Impedantie: Z = √(R² + (XL - XC)²) (Ω)

Arbeidsfactor (cos φ):
cos φ = P / S
P = werkelijk vermogen (W)
S = schijnbaar vermogen (VA)
Q = blindvermogen (VAr)

→ cos φ = 1 = ideaal (zuiver resistief)
→ cos φ < 1 = verliezen (inductief/capacitief)
→ Compensatie: condensator plaatsen!

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