Introduction to Biochemistry (Chapter 1) Exam #1 Questions
with Correct Answers
What is Biochemistry? - ✔✔1. The study of life at the molecular level
2. looks at how thousands of individual biomolecules interat to make life possible
What are the four major classes of biomolecules? - ✔✔Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic
Acids, and Carbohydrates
Compartmentalization of Prokaryotes - ✔✔Simpler cells, NO nucleus, DNA
dispersed through cell, NO organelles (no mitochondria or chloroplast)
Example: E.coli
Compartmentalization of Eukaryotes - ✔✔More complex cells, Have a nucleus,
Dna in nucleus, contain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplast
Example: Plant, animal and yeast cells
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔1. Periphery of the cell
2. Seperates its contents from the surrouding environment
3. Acts as a barrier that selectively allows certain substances to pass
Cytoplasm - ✔✔1. Internal solution of the cell
2. Highly concentrated with proteins, RNA, small molecule metabolites
Nucelic Acids - ✔✔1. Mostly found in the nucleus of EUK
2. Found in the cytosol of PROK
, 3. Comprise the entire genome of the organism
Weight of the cell - ✔✔Water 70%, proteins 15%
E.coli cell - ✔✔Not much extra space, packed with proteins and DNA and RNA
Parts of the E.coli cell - ✔✔Nucleoid, Pili, Flagella, Cell Envelope, and Ribosomes
Importance of cell envelope of E.coli cell - ✔✔test for gram (-) or gram (+) staining
of bacteria
Gram (-) - ✔✔No stain, because the dye cannot pass through the outer
membrane. It needs to reach the peptidoglycan layer for it to be stained (3
LAYERS) examples of this are E. coli, and Salmonella
Gram (+) - ✔✔STAIN. the cell only has two layers, the thick petidoglycan and the
inner membrane. it passes thru the peptidoglycan
examples: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus
Nucleus - ✔✔location of main genome; site of most DNA and RNA synthesis
Mitochondrion - ✔✔Site of energy-yeilding oxidation reactions; has its own DNA
Chloroplast - ✔✔Site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae; has its own
DNA
with Correct Answers
What is Biochemistry? - ✔✔1. The study of life at the molecular level
2. looks at how thousands of individual biomolecules interat to make life possible
What are the four major classes of biomolecules? - ✔✔Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic
Acids, and Carbohydrates
Compartmentalization of Prokaryotes - ✔✔Simpler cells, NO nucleus, DNA
dispersed through cell, NO organelles (no mitochondria or chloroplast)
Example: E.coli
Compartmentalization of Eukaryotes - ✔✔More complex cells, Have a nucleus,
Dna in nucleus, contain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplast
Example: Plant, animal and yeast cells
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔1. Periphery of the cell
2. Seperates its contents from the surrouding environment
3. Acts as a barrier that selectively allows certain substances to pass
Cytoplasm - ✔✔1. Internal solution of the cell
2. Highly concentrated with proteins, RNA, small molecule metabolites
Nucelic Acids - ✔✔1. Mostly found in the nucleus of EUK
2. Found in the cytosol of PROK
, 3. Comprise the entire genome of the organism
Weight of the cell - ✔✔Water 70%, proteins 15%
E.coli cell - ✔✔Not much extra space, packed with proteins and DNA and RNA
Parts of the E.coli cell - ✔✔Nucleoid, Pili, Flagella, Cell Envelope, and Ribosomes
Importance of cell envelope of E.coli cell - ✔✔test for gram (-) or gram (+) staining
of bacteria
Gram (-) - ✔✔No stain, because the dye cannot pass through the outer
membrane. It needs to reach the peptidoglycan layer for it to be stained (3
LAYERS) examples of this are E. coli, and Salmonella
Gram (+) - ✔✔STAIN. the cell only has two layers, the thick petidoglycan and the
inner membrane. it passes thru the peptidoglycan
examples: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus
Nucleus - ✔✔location of main genome; site of most DNA and RNA synthesis
Mitochondrion - ✔✔Site of energy-yeilding oxidation reactions; has its own DNA
Chloroplast - ✔✔Site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae; has its own
DNA
