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Samenvatting Informatica HAVO VWO Eindexamen UITGEBREID 2026 + 25 Oefenvragen - Programmeren Databases SQL Netwerken IP Beveiliging Encryptie Algoritmen Binair HTML CSS 30+ Pagina's

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COMPLETE INFORMATICA — 30+ PAGINA'S EXAMENSTOF! Programmeren (variabelen, if/else, loops, functies, arrays, Python), databases (entiteiten, relaties, normalisatie, SQL: SELECT/FROM/WHERE/JOIN/GROUP BY), netwerken (TCP/IP, OSI 7 lagen, IP-adres, DNS, routing, WiFi), beveiliging (encryptie symmetrisch/asymmetrisch, hashing, firewall, malware, phishing, social engineering), algoritmen (zoeken, sorteren, Big O), getalsystemen (binair, hexadecimaal), webdesign (HTML, CSS), privacy (AVG). + 25 oefenvragen!

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Samenvatting Informatica — HAVO/VWO Eindexamen
2026
UITGEBREIDE EDITIE — Programmeren, Databases,
Netwerken, Beveiliging, Algoritmen + 25 Oefenvragen
Complete Examenvoorbereiding

Versie: 2026 — UITGEBREIDE EDITIE
Geschikt voor: HAVO/VWO Informatica eindexamen
Inhoud: Programmeren + databases + netwerken + beveiliging + algoritmen + 25 oefenvragen
Omvang: 30+ pagina's


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DEEL 1: INFORMATIESYSTEMEN
1.1 Hardware
Von Neumann-architectuur:
Invoer → Verwerking (CPU) → Uitvoer

Geheugen

CPU (Central Processing Unit):
- ALU: berekeningen (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
- CU: aansturing (Control Unit)
- Registers: snelste geheugen

Fetch-Decode-Execute cyclus:
1. Instructie OPHALEN uit geheugen (fetch)
2. Instructie DECODEREN (decode)
3. Instructie UITVOEREN (execute)
→ Kloksnelheid in GHz (miljarden cycli per seconde)


1.2 Geheugen
Type Snelheid Capaciteit Vluchtig?
Register Snelst Bytes Ja
Cache (L1/L2/L3) Zeer snel MB Ja
RAM Snel GB Ja (!)
SSD Gemiddeld TB Nee
HDD Langzaam TB Nee

, Vluchtig = data WEG bij uitschakelen (RAM!)
Niet-vluchtig = data BLIJFT (SSD, HDD)
→ Waarom niet alles SSD? → RAM is 100× sneller!


1.3 Binair Stelsel
Computer werkt met 0 en 1 (bits)

1 bit = 0 of 1
1 byte = 8 bits (256 combinaties: 0-255)
1 KB = 1024 bytes
1 MB = 1024 KB
1 GB = 1024 MB
1 TB = 1024 GB

Decimaal → Binair:
13 (decimaal) = 1101 (binair)
→ 8+4+0+1 = 13

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 = 13

Hexadecimaal: 0-9 + A-F (basis 16)
→ Gebruikt voor kleuren (#FF0000 = rood)
→ 1 hex-cijfer = 4 bits




DEEL 2: PROGRAMMEREN
2.1 Basisbegrippen
Variabele: opslagplaats met naam
→ leeftijd = 17
→ naam = "Jan"

Datatypes:
- Integer: geheel getal (17, -3, 0)
- Float/Double: decimaal getal (3.14, -0.5)
- String: tekst ("Hallo wereld")
- Boolean: waar/onwaar (True/False)
- List/Array: meerdere waarden ([1, 2, 3])

Operatoren:
+ - * / (rekenen)
== != < > <= >= (vergelijken)
AND OR NOT (logisch)


2.2 Controlestructuren
IF-ELSE (keuze):
if leeftijd >= 18:
print("Volwassen")
else:
print("Minderjarig")

FOR-loop (herhaling, vast aantal):
for i in range(5):
print(i) → 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

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