BIOD 121 EXAM 4 2026 STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CORRECT
◉ Essential vitamins. Answer: Found in both plant and animal
sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized.
◉ Enrichment. Answer: Adding lost nutrients, from milling and
processing, back into the final product.
◉ Fortification. Answer: Supplementing a product with additional
vitamins not normally found in the product
◉ Fat-soluble. Answer: Dependent on dietary fat for absorption;
stored in adipose tissue and liver.
◉ Xeropthalmia. Answer: Abnormal dryness due to a vitamin A
deficiency
◉ Retinal. Answer: Helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light.
, ◉ Antioxidant. Answer: Inhibits oxidation via stopping substances
(oxidants) from causing damage to cells.
◉ Vitamin D. Answer: Vitamin and a hormone that regulates calcium
levels and bone metabolism.
◉ Rickets. Answer: Poor mineralization of bone due to inadequate
calcium deposits. Characterized by bowed legs.
◉ Osteomalcia. Answer: Inadequate calcium absorption and
deposition in the bones of adults which leads to soft bones
◉ Osteoporosis. Answer: With age, bone mass decreases, bones thin
and become porous.
◉ Vitamin E. Answer: Antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from
free radicals.
◉ Tocopherol. Answer: Chemical name of Vitamin E
◉ Free radicals. Answer: Alter a cell's DNA, damage cell membranes,
and increase the risk for cancer.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CORRECT
◉ Essential vitamins. Answer: Found in both plant and animal
sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized.
◉ Enrichment. Answer: Adding lost nutrients, from milling and
processing, back into the final product.
◉ Fortification. Answer: Supplementing a product with additional
vitamins not normally found in the product
◉ Fat-soluble. Answer: Dependent on dietary fat for absorption;
stored in adipose tissue and liver.
◉ Xeropthalmia. Answer: Abnormal dryness due to a vitamin A
deficiency
◉ Retinal. Answer: Helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light.
, ◉ Antioxidant. Answer: Inhibits oxidation via stopping substances
(oxidants) from causing damage to cells.
◉ Vitamin D. Answer: Vitamin and a hormone that regulates calcium
levels and bone metabolism.
◉ Rickets. Answer: Poor mineralization of bone due to inadequate
calcium deposits. Characterized by bowed legs.
◉ Osteomalcia. Answer: Inadequate calcium absorption and
deposition in the bones of adults which leads to soft bones
◉ Osteoporosis. Answer: With age, bone mass decreases, bones thin
and become porous.
◉ Vitamin E. Answer: Antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from
free radicals.
◉ Tocopherol. Answer: Chemical name of Vitamin E
◉ Free radicals. Answer: Alter a cell's DNA, damage cell membranes,
and increase the risk for cancer.
