PNB 2265 Exam 3 | Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2026/2027
Integrated meal response ......ANSWER......path of food from mouth to
rectum
Integrated meal response phases ......ANSWER......cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract ......ANSWER......alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal ......ANSWER......mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac ......ANSWER......salivary glands
pg. 1
,liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum ......ANSWER......serous membrane that surrounds GI
system that is different from others bc it folds in on itself and btwn the
folds are fat deposits
-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum ......ANSWER......layer of serous membrane that
lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum ......ANSWER......layer of serous membrane that
covers the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen) ......ANSWER......serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa ......ANSWER......outer layer of tube that is connective tissue
wrapper that holds things together, protects them, and is site of
attachment
pg. 2
,Muscularis externa ......ANSWER......smooth muscle layer that has two
layers, one longitudinal outer layer and one circular inner layer with a
myenteric plexis layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer) ......ANSWER......circular
layer
myenteric plexis
Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis ......ANSWER......nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of
the muscularis externa that controls smooth muscle contraction and is
under involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa ......ANSWER......outer layer that
gives you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer
(controls length)
Circular layer muscularis externa ......ANSWER......inner layer that
controls radius of the tube
Submucosa ......ANSWER......loose connective tissue that binds things
together. Has large blood vessels, large lymphatic vessels (galt), and
nerves
pg. 3
, Galt ......ANSWER......submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that
has a lot of immune cells since this is a point of entry for pathogens
Mucosa layers ......ANSWER......muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae ......ANSWER......mucosa layer that is the muscle
part that shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria ......ANSWER......connective tissue mucosal layer with
tiny vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic vessels
Epithelium layer (mucosa) ......ANSWER......mucosa layer closest to
lumen that has specializations depending on where in the GI tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus ......ANSWER......nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells ......ANSWER......secretory cells in epithelia of
mucosa
Enterocytes ......ANSWER......cells that do absorption in epithelia of
mucosa
pg. 4
Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2026/2027
Integrated meal response ......ANSWER......path of food from mouth to
rectum
Integrated meal response phases ......ANSWER......cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract ......ANSWER......alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal ......ANSWER......mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac ......ANSWER......salivary glands
pg. 1
,liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum ......ANSWER......serous membrane that surrounds GI
system that is different from others bc it folds in on itself and btwn the
folds are fat deposits
-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum ......ANSWER......layer of serous membrane that
lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum ......ANSWER......layer of serous membrane that
covers the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen) ......ANSWER......serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa ......ANSWER......outer layer of tube that is connective tissue
wrapper that holds things together, protects them, and is site of
attachment
pg. 2
,Muscularis externa ......ANSWER......smooth muscle layer that has two
layers, one longitudinal outer layer and one circular inner layer with a
myenteric plexis layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer) ......ANSWER......circular
layer
myenteric plexis
Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis ......ANSWER......nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of
the muscularis externa that controls smooth muscle contraction and is
under involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa ......ANSWER......outer layer that
gives you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer
(controls length)
Circular layer muscularis externa ......ANSWER......inner layer that
controls radius of the tube
Submucosa ......ANSWER......loose connective tissue that binds things
together. Has large blood vessels, large lymphatic vessels (galt), and
nerves
pg. 3
, Galt ......ANSWER......submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that
has a lot of immune cells since this is a point of entry for pathogens
Mucosa layers ......ANSWER......muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae ......ANSWER......mucosa layer that is the muscle
part that shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria ......ANSWER......connective tissue mucosal layer with
tiny vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic vessels
Epithelium layer (mucosa) ......ANSWER......mucosa layer closest to
lumen that has specializations depending on where in the GI tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus ......ANSWER......nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells ......ANSWER......secretory cells in epithelia of
mucosa
Enterocytes ......ANSWER......cells that do absorption in epithelia of
mucosa
pg. 4
