BIOS 252 Final Exam Review Questions and Answers Graded A+
What are the three types of muscle tissue? Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic nervous sys-
What are characteristics of skeletal muscle?
tem control
Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic ner-
What are characteristics of smooth muscle?
vous control
Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary, autonomic
What are characteristics of cardiac muscle?
nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions)
What is the thick filament? Myosin
What is the thin filament? Actin
What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue? Troponin and Tropomyosin
What does Calcium bind to? Troponin
Where does Calcium come from? Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin moves
When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens?
Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin
What are characteristics of all muscles? Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Subarachnoid Space (where
What are the three meninges from outer to inner, includ-
CSF is found), Pia Mater (directly attached to spinal cord
ing spaces?
and brain)
An extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal
What is the filum terminale?
cord to coccygeal segment
What is an isometric contraction? Length of muscle does not change, but tension does
What is an isotonic contraction? Length of muscle changes, but tension does not
What is a concentric isotonic contraction? Muscle shortens
What is an eccentric isotonic contraction? Muscle lengthens
What is an agonist? Prime mover
What is an antagonist? Opposes action of the prime mover
, BIOS 252 Final Exam Review Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is a synergist? An "assistant" or "helper" muscle to the agonist
What is a fixator? Stabilizes muscles
What is the origin? Point of origin for a muscle with NO movement
Where the muscle inserts, non-stable end where most of
What is the insertion
the movement associated with the muscle is performed
In a first class lever system, what is in the middle? Fulcrum
In a second class lever system, what is in the middle? Load
In a third class lever system, what is in the middle? Ettort
Astrocytes (blood brain barrier), Oligodendrocytes (myeli-
What are the neuroglial cells of the CNS and their func- nator--can myelinate MULTIPLE CNS neuron axons), Mi-
tions? croglial (phagocyte/clean-up cells), Ependymal Cell (CSF
production)
Satellite cells (cover the surface of nerve cell bodies
What are the neuroglial cells of the PNS and their func-
in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia),
tions?
Schwann cells (myelinator--only myelinates ONE PNS cell)
Saltatory conduction happens in which type of neuron? Is
Myelinated neurons, fast
this fast or slow conudction?
Continuous conduction happens in which type of neuron?
Unmyelinated neurons, slow
Is this fast or slow conduction?
What are the special senses? Sight, hearing, taste, balance, smell
External ear (auricle, external auditory meatus, tympan-
ic membrane), Middle ear (incus, malleus, stapes, eu-
What are the three divisions of the ear?
stachian tube), Inner ear (cochlea, vestibule, semicircular
canals)
External ear to middle ear to inner ear, transcribed into
What is the flow of information in hearing?
electrical impulse by cochlea which contains hearing re-
What are the three types of muscle tissue? Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic nervous sys-
What are characteristics of skeletal muscle?
tem control
Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic ner-
What are characteristics of smooth muscle?
vous control
Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary, autonomic
What are characteristics of cardiac muscle?
nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions)
What is the thick filament? Myosin
What is the thin filament? Actin
What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue? Troponin and Tropomyosin
What does Calcium bind to? Troponin
Where does Calcium come from? Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin moves
When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens?
Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin
What are characteristics of all muscles? Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Subarachnoid Space (where
What are the three meninges from outer to inner, includ-
CSF is found), Pia Mater (directly attached to spinal cord
ing spaces?
and brain)
An extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal
What is the filum terminale?
cord to coccygeal segment
What is an isometric contraction? Length of muscle does not change, but tension does
What is an isotonic contraction? Length of muscle changes, but tension does not
What is a concentric isotonic contraction? Muscle shortens
What is an eccentric isotonic contraction? Muscle lengthens
What is an agonist? Prime mover
What is an antagonist? Opposes action of the prime mover
, BIOS 252 Final Exam Review Questions and Answers Graded A+
What is a synergist? An "assistant" or "helper" muscle to the agonist
What is a fixator? Stabilizes muscles
What is the origin? Point of origin for a muscle with NO movement
Where the muscle inserts, non-stable end where most of
What is the insertion
the movement associated with the muscle is performed
In a first class lever system, what is in the middle? Fulcrum
In a second class lever system, what is in the middle? Load
In a third class lever system, what is in the middle? Ettort
Astrocytes (blood brain barrier), Oligodendrocytes (myeli-
What are the neuroglial cells of the CNS and their func- nator--can myelinate MULTIPLE CNS neuron axons), Mi-
tions? croglial (phagocyte/clean-up cells), Ependymal Cell (CSF
production)
Satellite cells (cover the surface of nerve cell bodies
What are the neuroglial cells of the PNS and their func-
in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia),
tions?
Schwann cells (myelinator--only myelinates ONE PNS cell)
Saltatory conduction happens in which type of neuron? Is
Myelinated neurons, fast
this fast or slow conudction?
Continuous conduction happens in which type of neuron?
Unmyelinated neurons, slow
Is this fast or slow conduction?
What are the special senses? Sight, hearing, taste, balance, smell
External ear (auricle, external auditory meatus, tympan-
ic membrane), Middle ear (incus, malleus, stapes, eu-
What are the three divisions of the ear?
stachian tube), Inner ear (cochlea, vestibule, semicircular
canals)
External ear to middle ear to inner ear, transcribed into
What is the flow of information in hearing?
electrical impulse by cochlea which contains hearing re-
