BIOS 256 - EXAM 1 CHAMBERLAIN Exam Test Questions and Answers Graded A+
what is defecation? elimination of feces
an involuntary response of the lower bowels promoting or
What is the defecation reflex?
even inhibiting a bowel movement.
what is degluition? swallowing
what is mastication? chewing
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles
what is peristalsis?
of the intestine
what is segmentation? ring like constrictions in several places along the intestines
what is the product of chief cells? pepsinogen
what is the product of enteroendocrine cells? serotonin
what is the product of parietal cells? hydrochloric acid (HCl)
What do chief cells secrete? pepsinogen and gastric lipase
where are chief cells absent? cardial and pyloric glands
Where are chief cells found? gastric glands
hormones and paracrine messengers that regulate diges-
What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?
tion
all regions of the stomach, most abundant in gastric and
where are enteroendocrine cells found?
pyloric glands
What do parietal cells secrete? HCl, intrinsic factor, ghrelin
where are parietal cells found? mostly gastric glands and a few pyloric glands
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
what are the main organs of the digestive system?
large intestine
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pan-
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
creas
what are the functions of the digestive system? ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, defecation
what are the functions of the small intestine?
1/9
, mix chyme with digestive juices, bring food in contact with
mucosa for absorption, complete digestion of macromol-
ecules
absorb salts and water from the materials that havent
what are the functions of the large intestine?
been digested, motility (haustral contractions)
where does the small intestine receive enzymes from? pancreas and liver
what does pepsin do? breaks down proteins
where does pepsin break proteins? stomach
what are the functions of bile? carry away waste, break down fats during digestion
what are bile acids? steroids synthesized from cholesterol
what is derived from the decomposition of hemoglobin? bilirubin
bacteria metabolize bilirubin into urobilinogen
urobilinogen is converted to urobilin
urobilinogen in the intestines gets converted to sterocobilin
bile acids, micelles, and lecithin aid in fat and digestion, absorption
what gives urine a yellow color? urobilin
what gives feces a brown color? stercobilin
what are the carbohydrate enzymes in the oral cavity and
salivary amylase
stomach
Where is salivary amylase produced? oral cavity
pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes (maltase,
what are the carbohydrate enzymes in the small intestine?
lactase, and sucrose)
where is pancreatic amylase produced? the pancreas
pancreatic amylase will convert digested started into oligosaccharides, maltose, and glucose
what are the lipid enzymes in the oral cavity lingual lipase
2/9
what is defecation? elimination of feces
an involuntary response of the lower bowels promoting or
What is the defecation reflex?
even inhibiting a bowel movement.
what is degluition? swallowing
what is mastication? chewing
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles
what is peristalsis?
of the intestine
what is segmentation? ring like constrictions in several places along the intestines
what is the product of chief cells? pepsinogen
what is the product of enteroendocrine cells? serotonin
what is the product of parietal cells? hydrochloric acid (HCl)
What do chief cells secrete? pepsinogen and gastric lipase
where are chief cells absent? cardial and pyloric glands
Where are chief cells found? gastric glands
hormones and paracrine messengers that regulate diges-
What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?
tion
all regions of the stomach, most abundant in gastric and
where are enteroendocrine cells found?
pyloric glands
What do parietal cells secrete? HCl, intrinsic factor, ghrelin
where are parietal cells found? mostly gastric glands and a few pyloric glands
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
what are the main organs of the digestive system?
large intestine
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pan-
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
creas
what are the functions of the digestive system? ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, defecation
what are the functions of the small intestine?
1/9
, mix chyme with digestive juices, bring food in contact with
mucosa for absorption, complete digestion of macromol-
ecules
absorb salts and water from the materials that havent
what are the functions of the large intestine?
been digested, motility (haustral contractions)
where does the small intestine receive enzymes from? pancreas and liver
what does pepsin do? breaks down proteins
where does pepsin break proteins? stomach
what are the functions of bile? carry away waste, break down fats during digestion
what are bile acids? steroids synthesized from cholesterol
what is derived from the decomposition of hemoglobin? bilirubin
bacteria metabolize bilirubin into urobilinogen
urobilinogen is converted to urobilin
urobilinogen in the intestines gets converted to sterocobilin
bile acids, micelles, and lecithin aid in fat and digestion, absorption
what gives urine a yellow color? urobilin
what gives feces a brown color? stercobilin
what are the carbohydrate enzymes in the oral cavity and
salivary amylase
stomach
Where is salivary amylase produced? oral cavity
pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes (maltase,
what are the carbohydrate enzymes in the small intestine?
lactase, and sucrose)
where is pancreatic amylase produced? the pancreas
pancreatic amylase will convert digested started into oligosaccharides, maltose, and glucose
what are the lipid enzymes in the oral cavity lingual lipase
2/9
