BIOS 256- Exam 2- Chamberlain Questions with Answers Graded A+
1. Monomers of Carbohydrates: Monomers are monosaccharides/sugar (glucose, galactose, fruc-
proteins, carbs tose)
and lipids, and
nucleic acids Proteins: Monomers are amino acids
Lipids: Monomers are fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic Acids: Monomers are nucleotides
2. What is metabo- The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
lism?
3. Anabolism -Endergonic reaction
-Energy is consumed as the reaction takes place.
-Build up!
-Create bonds between small molecules to make large molecules (polymers)
-Example: protein synthesis
4. Catabolism -Exergonic reaction
-Energy is released as reaction takes place
-Break down
-Break bonds in large molecules (polymers) to make small molecules
-Example: digestion of starch to glucose
5. What are -Water
the types -Carbohydrates
of macronutri- -Proteins
ents? (essay) -Lipids
6. What is the -Water: Solvent, coolant, involved in metabolic reactions, waste dilution, supports
importance of blood volume/pressure.
each macronutri-
ent? (essay) -Carbohydrates: Fuel, component in nucleic acids, ATP, glycoproteins, glycolipids.
, BIOS 256- Exam 2- Chamberlain Questions with Answers Graded A+
-Proteins: Support muscle contraction, cell structure, enzymes, transport, hor-
mones, oxygen transport, blood factors, immunity, neuromodulators, butters,
emergency fuel.
-Lipids: Fuel, structure of plasma membranes and myelin sheaths, involved in
hormones, insulation, vitamin absorption, vitamin D synthesis, blood clotting.
7. What is the -Water: Present in drinks, fruits, vegetables, and produced during metabolism.
source of
each macronutri- -Carbohydrates: starch, sugar, cellulose, glucose. Found in grains, legumes, fruits,
ent? (essay) vegetables. Complex carbs in whole grains, simple carbs in fruits and dairy.
-Proteins: eggs, meat, peroxidase, nuts, cheese. Come from animal (meat, dairy)
and plant sources (legumes, nuts). Animal proteins are complete; plant proteins
may need combining.
-Lipids (Fats): triglyceride, steroids. Saturated fats from animal products, unsatu-
rated fats from vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish.
8. Micronutrients Needed in small quantities, play crucial roles in body functions without providing
energy. They include:
Vitamins: Essential for metabolism, immunity, growth, and more.
Categories:
-Water-soluble: Vitamin C (found in citrus fruits, strawberries) supports immunity
and skin health.
-Fat-soluble: Vitamin D (from fatty fish, sunlight) aids bone and immune health;
Vitamin A (in carrots, sweet potatoes) benefits vision and skin.
Minerals: Support structural and regulatory functions.
-Calcium (dairy, leafy greens): Vital for bones and muscles.
-Iron (meat, beans): Key for oxygen transport.
, BIOS 256- Exam 2- Chamberlain Questions with Answers Graded A+
-Potassium (bananas, potatoes): Regulates blood pressure.
-Zinc (meat, nuts): Enhances immune function and healing.
9. What is a vita- A vitamin is an essential organic compound needed in small amounts for growth,
min? health, and metabolic processes. They're sourced from the diet, as the body can't
produce them in suflcient quantities.
10. What are the 2 Vitamins are categorized into water-soluble (B-vitamins, Vitamin C) and fat-soluble
classifications of (Vitamins A, D, E, K) types, with the former needing regular intake and the latter
vitamins? stored in the body.
11. Fat soluble vita- Absorbed w/ dietary lipids
mins
A, D, E, K
-A: component of visual pigments
-D: promotes calcium and phosphorus in the GI tract, helps create and develop
bones
-E: Antioxidant
-K: essential for prothrombin synthesis + blood clotting
12. Water soluble vit- Absorbed with water in S.I., and exerted by kidneys (not stored)
amins
B and C
B: assist enzymes by transferring electrons from one metabolic reaction to another
C: absorbic acid; promotes hemoglobin synthesis
13. Deficiencies in vi- -Vitamin C deficiency: Causes scurvy (fatigue, swollen gums, joint pain, poor wound
tamins C, B12, healing).
1. Monomers of Carbohydrates: Monomers are monosaccharides/sugar (glucose, galactose, fruc-
proteins, carbs tose)
and lipids, and
nucleic acids Proteins: Monomers are amino acids
Lipids: Monomers are fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic Acids: Monomers are nucleotides
2. What is metabo- The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
lism?
3. Anabolism -Endergonic reaction
-Energy is consumed as the reaction takes place.
-Build up!
-Create bonds between small molecules to make large molecules (polymers)
-Example: protein synthesis
4. Catabolism -Exergonic reaction
-Energy is released as reaction takes place
-Break down
-Break bonds in large molecules (polymers) to make small molecules
-Example: digestion of starch to glucose
5. What are -Water
the types -Carbohydrates
of macronutri- -Proteins
ents? (essay) -Lipids
6. What is the -Water: Solvent, coolant, involved in metabolic reactions, waste dilution, supports
importance of blood volume/pressure.
each macronutri-
ent? (essay) -Carbohydrates: Fuel, component in nucleic acids, ATP, glycoproteins, glycolipids.
, BIOS 256- Exam 2- Chamberlain Questions with Answers Graded A+
-Proteins: Support muscle contraction, cell structure, enzymes, transport, hor-
mones, oxygen transport, blood factors, immunity, neuromodulators, butters,
emergency fuel.
-Lipids: Fuel, structure of plasma membranes and myelin sheaths, involved in
hormones, insulation, vitamin absorption, vitamin D synthesis, blood clotting.
7. What is the -Water: Present in drinks, fruits, vegetables, and produced during metabolism.
source of
each macronutri- -Carbohydrates: starch, sugar, cellulose, glucose. Found in grains, legumes, fruits,
ent? (essay) vegetables. Complex carbs in whole grains, simple carbs in fruits and dairy.
-Proteins: eggs, meat, peroxidase, nuts, cheese. Come from animal (meat, dairy)
and plant sources (legumes, nuts). Animal proteins are complete; plant proteins
may need combining.
-Lipids (Fats): triglyceride, steroids. Saturated fats from animal products, unsatu-
rated fats from vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish.
8. Micronutrients Needed in small quantities, play crucial roles in body functions without providing
energy. They include:
Vitamins: Essential for metabolism, immunity, growth, and more.
Categories:
-Water-soluble: Vitamin C (found in citrus fruits, strawberries) supports immunity
and skin health.
-Fat-soluble: Vitamin D (from fatty fish, sunlight) aids bone and immune health;
Vitamin A (in carrots, sweet potatoes) benefits vision and skin.
Minerals: Support structural and regulatory functions.
-Calcium (dairy, leafy greens): Vital for bones and muscles.
-Iron (meat, beans): Key for oxygen transport.
, BIOS 256- Exam 2- Chamberlain Questions with Answers Graded A+
-Potassium (bananas, potatoes): Regulates blood pressure.
-Zinc (meat, nuts): Enhances immune function and healing.
9. What is a vita- A vitamin is an essential organic compound needed in small amounts for growth,
min? health, and metabolic processes. They're sourced from the diet, as the body can't
produce them in suflcient quantities.
10. What are the 2 Vitamins are categorized into water-soluble (B-vitamins, Vitamin C) and fat-soluble
classifications of (Vitamins A, D, E, K) types, with the former needing regular intake and the latter
vitamins? stored in the body.
11. Fat soluble vita- Absorbed w/ dietary lipids
mins
A, D, E, K
-A: component of visual pigments
-D: promotes calcium and phosphorus in the GI tract, helps create and develop
bones
-E: Antioxidant
-K: essential for prothrombin synthesis + blood clotting
12. Water soluble vit- Absorbed with water in S.I., and exerted by kidneys (not stored)
amins
B and C
B: assist enzymes by transferring electrons from one metabolic reaction to another
C: absorbic acid; promotes hemoglobin synthesis
13. Deficiencies in vi- -Vitamin C deficiency: Causes scurvy (fatigue, swollen gums, joint pain, poor wound
tamins C, B12, healing).
