2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
◉ Affirmative action
Answer: Making an extra effort to hire and promote those in
protected groups, particularly when those groups are
underrepresented
◉ Affirmative action plan
Answer: Plan that analyzes a workforce to determine whether
protected classes are underutilized in different job groups, and
describes how an organization will address any underutilization that
exists
◉ Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
Answer: Act prohibiting arbitrary age discrimination, specifically
protecting individuals over the age of 40
◉ Agency theory
Answer: Person (for example, a manager) is expected to act on
behalf of a principal (for example, the owner of the company)
,◉ Animus
Answer: Mind set or intention
◉ Arbitration
Answer: A procedure for resolving collective bargaining impasses by
which an arbitrator (third party) chooses a solution to the dispute
◉ Bargaining unit
Answer: A group of employees performing jobs in an industry with
sufficient "community of interests" to constitute a unit to be
represented in collective bargaining
◉ BFOQ (Bonafide Occupational Qualifications)
Answer: Job requirements that an employee be a particular religion,
sex, or national origin that is reasonably necessary to business
operations. For instance, it is assumed that an opening for a Baptist
minister at a local Baptist church would be filled by a minister who
is actually a person who celebrates the Baptist religion and not, say,
the Episcopal religion
◉ Business necessity
Answer: A practice necessary for safe and efficient organizational
operations
, ◉ Case law
Answer: The law is laid down in the the decisions for the courts
(distinct from statutes or other sources of law)
◉ Civil law
Answer: Laws that deal with the rights of people rather than with
crimes
◉ Color
Answer: Skin pigmentation especially other than white
characteristic of race
◉ Common law
Answer: Principles developed over centuries as a result of legal
decisions made by judges in individual cases
◉ Comparable worth
Answer: A public policy that advocates remedies for any
undervaluation of women's jobs (also called pay equity)
◉ Complaint
Answer: A formal allegation against a party