BIOD 152 AP2 LAB 1 PORTAGE
LEARNING EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ physiology. Answer: the study of function of the body parts;
physiologists examine how organs and body systems function under
normal circumstances as well as how their functions are altered with
medication or disease
◉ branches of anatomy. Answer: microscopic- structures that cannot be
observed to the unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,;
macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of
the body as a complete unit)
◉ embryology. Answer: discipline concerned with developmental
changes occuring from conception to birth
◉ comparative A&P. Answer: examines similarities and differences of
anatomy and physiology of different species
,◉ pathophysiology. Answer: relationship between the functioning of an
organ system and disease or injury to that organ system
◉ basic qualities of life. Answer: organization- each organism has a
complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body;
anabolism (smaller molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger
molecules are broken down to smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its
environment and often grows and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face
of environmental changes- homeostasis- ability of an organism to
maintain a consistent internal environment
◉ organization of the human body. Answer: chemical level- consists of
atoms, molecules, macromolecules, and organelles
cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules from
chemical level
tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work
together for specific, complex functions
organ system level- organs that work together to coordinate activities
and acheive a common function
◉ anterior. Answer: in front of
, ◉ posterior. Answer: in back of
◉ dorsal. Answer: on the backside of the human body
◉ ventral. Answer: on the belly side of the human body
◉ superior. Answer: closer to the head
◉ inferior. Answer: closer to the feet
◉ deep. Answer: on the inside
◉ superficial. Answer: on the outside
◉ homeostasis. Answer: refers to the ability of an organism to maintain
a consistent internal environment or "steady state"; for example if the
body gets hot due to external temperature, the body maintains a steady
state by circulating more blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss;
nervous system regulating blood pressure when you get out of bed in the
morning
receptor- detects changes in variable; either substance or process
stimulus
control center - interprets input from the receptor and initiates change
through the effector; parathyroid hormone monitors calcium levels
LEARNING EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ physiology. Answer: the study of function of the body parts;
physiologists examine how organs and body systems function under
normal circumstances as well as how their functions are altered with
medication or disease
◉ branches of anatomy. Answer: microscopic- structures that cannot be
observed to the unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,;
macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of
the body as a complete unit)
◉ embryology. Answer: discipline concerned with developmental
changes occuring from conception to birth
◉ comparative A&P. Answer: examines similarities and differences of
anatomy and physiology of different species
,◉ pathophysiology. Answer: relationship between the functioning of an
organ system and disease or injury to that organ system
◉ basic qualities of life. Answer: organization- each organism has a
complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body;
anabolism (smaller molecules form larger) and catabolism (larger
molecules are broken down to smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its
environment and often grows and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face
of environmental changes- homeostasis- ability of an organism to
maintain a consistent internal environment
◉ organization of the human body. Answer: chemical level- consists of
atoms, molecules, macromolecules, and organelles
cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules from
chemical level
tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work
together for specific, complex functions
organ system level- organs that work together to coordinate activities
and acheive a common function
◉ anterior. Answer: in front of
, ◉ posterior. Answer: in back of
◉ dorsal. Answer: on the backside of the human body
◉ ventral. Answer: on the belly side of the human body
◉ superior. Answer: closer to the head
◉ inferior. Answer: closer to the feet
◉ deep. Answer: on the inside
◉ superficial. Answer: on the outside
◉ homeostasis. Answer: refers to the ability of an organism to maintain
a consistent internal environment or "steady state"; for example if the
body gets hot due to external temperature, the body maintains a steady
state by circulating more blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss;
nervous system regulating blood pressure when you get out of bed in the
morning
receptor- detects changes in variable; either substance or process
stimulus
control center - interprets input from the receptor and initiates change
through the effector; parathyroid hormone monitors calcium levels
