NURS 5433 Family II HEENT with
Complete Solution | New 2026/27 Update |
UTA
What is the pathophysiology of blepharitis? - ANSWERS Chronic inflammation
of eyelid margins due to bacterial colonization, meibomian gland dysfunction, or
seborrheic dermatitis.
What are risk factors for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Rosacea, dandruff/seborrheic
dermatitis, dry eye, and poor eyelid hygiene.
What conditions are included in the differential diagnosis of blepharitis? -
ANSWERS Hordeolum, chalazion, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis.
How is blepharitis diagnosed? - ANSWERS Clinical diagnosis; slit lamp exam if
severe.
What are non-pharmacologic treatments for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Warm
compresses, eyelid scrubs, and lid hygiene.
What pharmacologic treatments are used for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Topical
antibiotic ointments (erythromycin, bacitracin) and topical steroids for severe
inflammation.
What follow-up is recommended for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Long-term lid
hygiene because it is a chronic condition.
,When should blepharitis be referred to ophthalmology? - ANSWERS If the
condition is refractory to treatment.
What is the pathophysiology of a hordeolum? - ANSWERS Acute bacterial
infection of an eyelash follicle or gland.
What are risk factors for a hordeolum? - ANSWERS Blepharitis, poor hygiene,
and rosacea.
What are the clinical features of a hordeolum? - ANSWERS Painful red swollen
eyelid with a pustule near the lash line.
What is the non-pharmacologic treatment for a hordeolum? - ANSWERS
Warm compresses.
What pharmacologic treatment may be used for persistent hordeolum? -
ANSWERS Topical antibiotics.
What is the pathophysiology of a chalazion? - ANSWERS Chronic
lipogranulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland.
What is the key difference between a chalazion and hordeolum? - ANSWERS A
chalazion is NOT infectious.
,What are the clinical features of a chalazion? - ANSWERS Painless, firm eyelid
nodule deeper in the eyelid.
What treatments are used for chalazion? - ANSWERS Warm compresses,
steroid injection, or surgery if persistent.
When should a chalazion be referred to ophthalmology? - ANSWERS If it
persists longer than 1 month.
What is the usual cause of viral conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Adenovirus
infection.
What are symptoms of viral conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Watery discharge,
preauricular lymph nodes, and high contagiousness.
How is viral conjunctivitis treated? - ANSWERS Supportive care and artificial
tears.
What causes bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Bacterial infection of the
conjunctiva.
What organisms commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
What are symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Purulent discharge
and eyelids stuck shut.
, What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Topical
antibiotics such as erythromycin or trimethoprim-polymyxin.
What causes allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
reaction.
What are symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Itching, bilateral
watery eyes, and seasonal symptoms.
What treatments are used for allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS
Antihistamine drops and mast cell stabilizers.
When should conjunctivitis be referred for ophthalmology evaluation? -
ANSWERS If vision loss, severe pain, or photophobia occur.
What is the pathophysiology of corneal abrasion? - ANSWERS Scratch or
defect in the corneal epithelium.
What are risk factors for corneal abrasion? - ANSWERS Trauma, contact lenses,
and foreign body.
What are symptoms of corneal abrasion? - ANSWERS Severe eye pain, tearing,
photophobia, and foreign body sensation.
Complete Solution | New 2026/27 Update |
UTA
What is the pathophysiology of blepharitis? - ANSWERS Chronic inflammation
of eyelid margins due to bacterial colonization, meibomian gland dysfunction, or
seborrheic dermatitis.
What are risk factors for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Rosacea, dandruff/seborrheic
dermatitis, dry eye, and poor eyelid hygiene.
What conditions are included in the differential diagnosis of blepharitis? -
ANSWERS Hordeolum, chalazion, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis.
How is blepharitis diagnosed? - ANSWERS Clinical diagnosis; slit lamp exam if
severe.
What are non-pharmacologic treatments for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Warm
compresses, eyelid scrubs, and lid hygiene.
What pharmacologic treatments are used for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Topical
antibiotic ointments (erythromycin, bacitracin) and topical steroids for severe
inflammation.
What follow-up is recommended for blepharitis? - ANSWERS Long-term lid
hygiene because it is a chronic condition.
,When should blepharitis be referred to ophthalmology? - ANSWERS If the
condition is refractory to treatment.
What is the pathophysiology of a hordeolum? - ANSWERS Acute bacterial
infection of an eyelash follicle or gland.
What are risk factors for a hordeolum? - ANSWERS Blepharitis, poor hygiene,
and rosacea.
What are the clinical features of a hordeolum? - ANSWERS Painful red swollen
eyelid with a pustule near the lash line.
What is the non-pharmacologic treatment for a hordeolum? - ANSWERS
Warm compresses.
What pharmacologic treatment may be used for persistent hordeolum? -
ANSWERS Topical antibiotics.
What is the pathophysiology of a chalazion? - ANSWERS Chronic
lipogranulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland.
What is the key difference between a chalazion and hordeolum? - ANSWERS A
chalazion is NOT infectious.
,What are the clinical features of a chalazion? - ANSWERS Painless, firm eyelid
nodule deeper in the eyelid.
What treatments are used for chalazion? - ANSWERS Warm compresses,
steroid injection, or surgery if persistent.
When should a chalazion be referred to ophthalmology? - ANSWERS If it
persists longer than 1 month.
What is the usual cause of viral conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Adenovirus
infection.
What are symptoms of viral conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Watery discharge,
preauricular lymph nodes, and high contagiousness.
How is viral conjunctivitis treated? - ANSWERS Supportive care and artificial
tears.
What causes bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Bacterial infection of the
conjunctiva.
What organisms commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
What are symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Purulent discharge
and eyelids stuck shut.
, What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Topical
antibiotics such as erythromycin or trimethoprim-polymyxin.
What causes allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
reaction.
What are symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS Itching, bilateral
watery eyes, and seasonal symptoms.
What treatments are used for allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWERS
Antihistamine drops and mast cell stabilizers.
When should conjunctivitis be referred for ophthalmology evaluation? -
ANSWERS If vision loss, severe pain, or photophobia occur.
What is the pathophysiology of corneal abrasion? - ANSWERS Scratch or
defect in the corneal epithelium.
What are risk factors for corneal abrasion? - ANSWERS Trauma, contact lenses,
and foreign body.
What are symptoms of corneal abrasion? - ANSWERS Severe eye pain, tearing,
photophobia, and foreign body sensation.
