ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM
A collection of flashcards covering key concepts in human physiology,
including respiration, immune response, homeostasis, electrolytes, and
cardiovascular function.
# Term Definition
1 The NA+ gradient that supports a) Na+/K+ pump
reabsorption and transport is
maintained by the... a) Na+/K+
pump b) Aquaporin Channels c)
Glucose Symporter d) Carbonic
anhydrase
2 Urine moves through the ureters c) Peristalsis
toward the bladder by rhythmic
muscular contractions called... a)
Diffusion b) Retraction c)
Peristalsis d) Segmentation
3 During quiet breathing, inhalation d) Active; Passive
is \_\_, while exhalation is \_\_\_. a)
Voluntary; Involuntary b) Forced;
Relaxed c) Passive; Active d) Active;
Passive
4 Ventilation-perfusion coupling is d) Ventilation
the matching of \_____________\_
and perfusion in the lungs to
ensure efficient gas exchange. a)
Carbon dioxide diffusion b)
Oxygen concentration c) Blood pH
d) Ventilation
5 What is the key difference d) The primary immune response is slower and
between the primary and takes longer to build up antibodies, while the
secondary immune responses? a) secondary immune responses in faster and more
The secondary immune response robust.
is slower and less effective than
the primary immune response. b)
The secondary immune response
only occurs if the body has never
encountered the antigen before.
c) The primary immune response
occurs more rapidly than the
secondary immune response.\ d)
The primary immune response is
slower and takes longer to build
up antibodies, while the
secondary immune responses in
faster and more robust.
, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM
# Term Definition
6 The nasal cavity helps to b) Warm, moisten, and filer
\________\_ the air as it enters the
respiratory system. a) Dehydrate
and purify b) Warm, moisten, and
filer c) Condense and humidify d)
Cool and dry
7 Why is maintaining homeostasis c) It ensures substances involved in chemical
important for the human body? a) reactions remain in narrow concentration ranges
It prevents the need for any
external nutrients b) It eliminates
the need for waste removal c) It
ensures substances involved in
chemical reactions remain in
narrow concentration ranges d) It
allows for rapid changes in blood
pressure
8 Which of the following best b) They are electrically charged minerals that
describes the role of electrolytes support various bodily functions.
in the human body? a) They act
solely as nutrients that provide
energy for metabolism. b) They
are electrically charged minerals
that support various bodily
functions. c) They are enzymes
that digest proteins in the
stomach. d) They are hormones
that regulate blood pressure.
9 Which hormonal changes help d) Inhibition of aldosterone, epinephrine, and
reduce blood volume during fluid norepinephrine
overload? a) Increased ADH and
epinephrine levels b) Stimulation
of the renin-angiotensin system c)
Increased norepinephrine and
aldosterone secretion d) Inhibition
of aldosterone,epinephrine, and
norepinephrine
10 Which cell type is activated by d) Osteoclasts
calcitonin to help reduce calcium
levels in the blood? a) Osteoblasts
b) Osteocytes c) Chondrocytes d)
Osteoclasts
A collection of flashcards covering key concepts in human physiology,
including respiration, immune response, homeostasis, electrolytes, and
cardiovascular function.
# Term Definition
1 The NA+ gradient that supports a) Na+/K+ pump
reabsorption and transport is
maintained by the... a) Na+/K+
pump b) Aquaporin Channels c)
Glucose Symporter d) Carbonic
anhydrase
2 Urine moves through the ureters c) Peristalsis
toward the bladder by rhythmic
muscular contractions called... a)
Diffusion b) Retraction c)
Peristalsis d) Segmentation
3 During quiet breathing, inhalation d) Active; Passive
is \_\_, while exhalation is \_\_\_. a)
Voluntary; Involuntary b) Forced;
Relaxed c) Passive; Active d) Active;
Passive
4 Ventilation-perfusion coupling is d) Ventilation
the matching of \_____________\_
and perfusion in the lungs to
ensure efficient gas exchange. a)
Carbon dioxide diffusion b)
Oxygen concentration c) Blood pH
d) Ventilation
5 What is the key difference d) The primary immune response is slower and
between the primary and takes longer to build up antibodies, while the
secondary immune responses? a) secondary immune responses in faster and more
The secondary immune response robust.
is slower and less effective than
the primary immune response. b)
The secondary immune response
only occurs if the body has never
encountered the antigen before.
c) The primary immune response
occurs more rapidly than the
secondary immune response.\ d)
The primary immune response is
slower and takes longer to build
up antibodies, while the
secondary immune responses in
faster and more robust.
, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM
# Term Definition
6 The nasal cavity helps to b) Warm, moisten, and filer
\________\_ the air as it enters the
respiratory system. a) Dehydrate
and purify b) Warm, moisten, and
filer c) Condense and humidify d)
Cool and dry
7 Why is maintaining homeostasis c) It ensures substances involved in chemical
important for the human body? a) reactions remain in narrow concentration ranges
It prevents the need for any
external nutrients b) It eliminates
the need for waste removal c) It
ensures substances involved in
chemical reactions remain in
narrow concentration ranges d) It
allows for rapid changes in blood
pressure
8 Which of the following best b) They are electrically charged minerals that
describes the role of electrolytes support various bodily functions.
in the human body? a) They act
solely as nutrients that provide
energy for metabolism. b) They
are electrically charged minerals
that support various bodily
functions. c) They are enzymes
that digest proteins in the
stomach. d) They are hormones
that regulate blood pressure.
9 Which hormonal changes help d) Inhibition of aldosterone, epinephrine, and
reduce blood volume during fluid norepinephrine
overload? a) Increased ADH and
epinephrine levels b) Stimulation
of the renin-angiotensin system c)
Increased norepinephrine and
aldosterone secretion d) Inhibition
of aldosterone,epinephrine, and
norepinephrine
10 Which cell type is activated by d) Osteoclasts
calcitonin to help reduce calcium
levels in the blood? a) Osteoblasts
b) Osteocytes c) Chondrocytes d)
Osteoclasts
