NSG 122 Final Exam V3 | NSG 122 Nursing
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026
Q&A with Rationale (Herzing NSG122 Final
Exam 2026)
1. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before caring for a client. Which action is the
most critical for preventing the transmission of microorganisms?
A. Using hot water to kill bacteria
B. Drying hands from the elbows down
C. Applying friction for at least 20 seconds
D. Wearing gloves instead of washing hands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Friction is the most effective component of handwashing because it physically
removes microorganisms from the skin. The nurse must scrub all surfaces of the hands and
fingers to ensure decontamination. Proper hand hygiene is the single most important
intervention in preventing healthcare-associated infections.
2. A client is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile (C. diff). Which type of isolation precautions
should the nurse implement?
A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
,C. Airborne precautions
D. Protective environment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Contact precautions are required for organisms spread by direct or indirect
contact with the patient or their environment. Because C. diff forms spores, the nurse must
use soap and water for hand hygiene rather than alcohol-based rubs. These precautions
help contain the pathogen and prevent cross-contamination to other clients in the facility.
3. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which client should the nurse assess first?
A. A client who is lonely and needs to talk
B. A client who is requesting pain medication
C. A client who is concerned about their job security
D. A client with an oxygen saturation of 88%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physiological needs, specifically those related to ABCs (Airway, Breathing,
Circulation), take priority over all other needs. An oxygen saturation of 88% indicates
potential respiratory distress and requires immediate intervention. Safety, social, and
esteem needs are addressed only after physiological stability is achieved.
, 4. The nurse is preparing to document care. Which of the following is an example of objective
data?
A. The client states, ‘I feel very nauseous.’
B. The client’s skin is warm and dry to the touch.
C. The client reports a pain level of 6 out of 10.
D. The client’s spouse says the client is depressed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Objective data is observable and measurable information obtained through
physical examination or diagnostic tests. Skin temperature and moisture are physical
findings that can be verified by the nurse. Subjective data, such as pain or nausea, is what
the patient or family tells the nurse but cannot be directly measured.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about smoking cessation. Which phase of the nursing process is
being implemented?
A. Implementation
B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
Fundamental Concepts | Herzing | 2026
Q&A with Rationale (Herzing NSG122 Final
Exam 2026)
1. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before caring for a client. Which action is the
most critical for preventing the transmission of microorganisms?
A. Using hot water to kill bacteria
B. Drying hands from the elbows down
C. Applying friction for at least 20 seconds
D. Wearing gloves instead of washing hands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Friction is the most effective component of handwashing because it physically
removes microorganisms from the skin. The nurse must scrub all surfaces of the hands and
fingers to ensure decontamination. Proper hand hygiene is the single most important
intervention in preventing healthcare-associated infections.
2. A client is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile (C. diff). Which type of isolation precautions
should the nurse implement?
A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
,C. Airborne precautions
D. Protective environment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Contact precautions are required for organisms spread by direct or indirect
contact with the patient or their environment. Because C. diff forms spores, the nurse must
use soap and water for hand hygiene rather than alcohol-based rubs. These precautions
help contain the pathogen and prevent cross-contamination to other clients in the facility.
3. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which client should the nurse assess first?
A. A client who is lonely and needs to talk
B. A client who is requesting pain medication
C. A client who is concerned about their job security
D. A client with an oxygen saturation of 88%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physiological needs, specifically those related to ABCs (Airway, Breathing,
Circulation), take priority over all other needs. An oxygen saturation of 88% indicates
potential respiratory distress and requires immediate intervention. Safety, social, and
esteem needs are addressed only after physiological stability is achieved.
, 4. The nurse is preparing to document care. Which of the following is an example of objective
data?
A. The client states, ‘I feel very nauseous.’
B. The client’s skin is warm and dry to the touch.
C. The client reports a pain level of 6 out of 10.
D. The client’s spouse says the client is depressed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Objective data is observable and measurable information obtained through
physical examination or diagnostic tests. Skin temperature and moisture are physical
findings that can be verified by the nurse. Subjective data, such as pain or nausea, is what
the patient or family tells the nurse but cannot be directly measured.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about smoking cessation. Which phase of the nursing process is
being implemented?
A. Implementation
B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
