Page 1 of 21
17 June 2026
Virginia Real Estate Practice: Fair Housing, Laws, and Ethics
PREP EXAM 2026/2027 LATEST EXAM TESTBANK UNDER
NEW GUIDELINE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
PERFECT TO PASS 2026 Virginia Real Estate TEST EXAM
What is the main purpose of federal anti-discrimination laws in real estate? - correct answer-To
ensure fair and equal access to housing and prevent discrimination.
Which federal department administers fair housing laws? - correct answer-The Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
What does the Fair Housing Act prohibit? - correct answer-Discrimination in the sale, rental, and
financing of housing based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability.
What significant amendments were made to the Fair Housing Act in 1988? - correct answer-
Increased penalties for violators, provided an administrative enforcement mechanism, and
expanded protections to handicapped persons and those with familial status.
What is defined as a 'dwelling' under the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-Any building, structure,
or vacant land intended for occupancy as a residence by one or more families.
What does the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibit? - correct answer-Any form of discrimination based
on race that restricts a person's rights regarding real and personal property.
How does the Civil Rights Act of 1866 differ from the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-It provides
no exemptions and applies to both private and public property transactions.
What does the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ensure? - correct answer-Accessibility of
public spaces, including multifamily housing, for individuals with disabilities.
What does the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibit? - correct answer-Discrimination in
credit applications based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or receipt
of public assistance.
, Page 2 of 21
17 June 2026
What is the Housing for Older Persons Act (HOPA)? - correct answer-An amendment to the Fair
Housing Act allowing exemptions to familial status discrimination for housing communities primarily
occupied by older persons.
What does the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504) prohibit? - correct answer-Discrimination
based on disability in any program receiving federal financial assistance.
What are state and local fair housing laws? - correct answer-Laws that may offer broader
protections than federal laws and cannot be more lenient than federal laws.
What protected class does the Fair Housing Act include regarding race? - correct answer-It prohibits
discrimination based on race, including categories such as Caucasian, African American, and Latino.
What does the Fair Housing Act say about discrimination based on color? - correct answer-It
prohibits discrimination based on the color of one's skin.
What religious protections does the Fair Housing Act provide? - correct answer-It prohibits
discrimination based on religion, including Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism.
What does the Fair Housing Act state about national origin? - correct answer-It prohibits
discrimination based on national origin, including groups such as Chinese, German, or Brazilian.
How does the Fair Housing Act protect familial status? - correct answer-It prohibits discrimination
against families with children and includes protections for pregnant individuals and those seeking
custody of minors.
What is an example of a violation of familial status protection? - correct answer-A seller agreeing to
sell to buyers on the condition they have no children and do not plan to have any in the future.
What does the Fair Housing Act say about disability? - correct answer-It protects persons with
disabilities and requires reasonable accommodations for them.
What do the terms 'handicap' and 'disability' refer to? - correct answer-A physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
, Page 3 of 21
17 June 2026
Is alcoholism considered a disability under the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-Yes, alcoholism is
considered a disability as it substantially limits major life activities.
Are individuals currently using illegal drugs protected under the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-
No, the law excludes current, illegal use of controlled substances from protection.
What significant change regarding discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity
occurred on February 11, 2021? - correct answer-Discrimination based on sexual orientation or
gender identity is now considered 'sex' discrimination under the FHA.
Define sexual orientation. - correct answer-A person's emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to
others (homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual).
What is gender identity? - correct answer-A person's internal sense of their gender, which may or
may not align with the sex assigned at birth.
What legal background supports the protections for gender identity and sexual orientation under
the FHA? - correct answer-President Biden's Executive Order 13988 and the Supreme Court's
Bostock v. Clayton County decision.
What types of housing providers are subject to investigations for discrimination related to gender
identity or sexual orientation? - correct answer-All housing providers, including those receiving HUD
funding.
What are the exemptions to the Federal Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-Certain discriminatory
behaviors are allowed under limited circumstances, but racial discrimination is never exempted.
What conditions must private individual owners meet to be exempt from non-racial protections of
the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-They must own no more than three single-family houses, sell
no more than one every two years, not employ a real estate agent, and not use discriminatory
advertising.
Under what conditions are owner-occupants exempt from the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-If
they occupy their home and rent or sell rooms in a home with four or fewer units.
17 June 2026
Virginia Real Estate Practice: Fair Housing, Laws, and Ethics
PREP EXAM 2026/2027 LATEST EXAM TESTBANK UNDER
NEW GUIDELINE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
PERFECT TO PASS 2026 Virginia Real Estate TEST EXAM
What is the main purpose of federal anti-discrimination laws in real estate? - correct answer-To
ensure fair and equal access to housing and prevent discrimination.
Which federal department administers fair housing laws? - correct answer-The Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
What does the Fair Housing Act prohibit? - correct answer-Discrimination in the sale, rental, and
financing of housing based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability.
What significant amendments were made to the Fair Housing Act in 1988? - correct answer-
Increased penalties for violators, provided an administrative enforcement mechanism, and
expanded protections to handicapped persons and those with familial status.
What is defined as a 'dwelling' under the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-Any building, structure,
or vacant land intended for occupancy as a residence by one or more families.
What does the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibit? - correct answer-Any form of discrimination based
on race that restricts a person's rights regarding real and personal property.
How does the Civil Rights Act of 1866 differ from the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-It provides
no exemptions and applies to both private and public property transactions.
What does the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ensure? - correct answer-Accessibility of
public spaces, including multifamily housing, for individuals with disabilities.
What does the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibit? - correct answer-Discrimination in
credit applications based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or receipt
of public assistance.
, Page 2 of 21
17 June 2026
What is the Housing for Older Persons Act (HOPA)? - correct answer-An amendment to the Fair
Housing Act allowing exemptions to familial status discrimination for housing communities primarily
occupied by older persons.
What does the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504) prohibit? - correct answer-Discrimination
based on disability in any program receiving federal financial assistance.
What are state and local fair housing laws? - correct answer-Laws that may offer broader
protections than federal laws and cannot be more lenient than federal laws.
What protected class does the Fair Housing Act include regarding race? - correct answer-It prohibits
discrimination based on race, including categories such as Caucasian, African American, and Latino.
What does the Fair Housing Act say about discrimination based on color? - correct answer-It
prohibits discrimination based on the color of one's skin.
What religious protections does the Fair Housing Act provide? - correct answer-It prohibits
discrimination based on religion, including Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism.
What does the Fair Housing Act state about national origin? - correct answer-It prohibits
discrimination based on national origin, including groups such as Chinese, German, or Brazilian.
How does the Fair Housing Act protect familial status? - correct answer-It prohibits discrimination
against families with children and includes protections for pregnant individuals and those seeking
custody of minors.
What is an example of a violation of familial status protection? - correct answer-A seller agreeing to
sell to buyers on the condition they have no children and do not plan to have any in the future.
What does the Fair Housing Act say about disability? - correct answer-It protects persons with
disabilities and requires reasonable accommodations for them.
What do the terms 'handicap' and 'disability' refer to? - correct answer-A physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
, Page 3 of 21
17 June 2026
Is alcoholism considered a disability under the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-Yes, alcoholism is
considered a disability as it substantially limits major life activities.
Are individuals currently using illegal drugs protected under the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-
No, the law excludes current, illegal use of controlled substances from protection.
What significant change regarding discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity
occurred on February 11, 2021? - correct answer-Discrimination based on sexual orientation or
gender identity is now considered 'sex' discrimination under the FHA.
Define sexual orientation. - correct answer-A person's emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to
others (homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual).
What is gender identity? - correct answer-A person's internal sense of their gender, which may or
may not align with the sex assigned at birth.
What legal background supports the protections for gender identity and sexual orientation under
the FHA? - correct answer-President Biden's Executive Order 13988 and the Supreme Court's
Bostock v. Clayton County decision.
What types of housing providers are subject to investigations for discrimination related to gender
identity or sexual orientation? - correct answer-All housing providers, including those receiving HUD
funding.
What are the exemptions to the Federal Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-Certain discriminatory
behaviors are allowed under limited circumstances, but racial discrimination is never exempted.
What conditions must private individual owners meet to be exempt from non-racial protections of
the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-They must own no more than three single-family houses, sell
no more than one every two years, not employ a real estate agent, and not use discriminatory
advertising.
Under what conditions are owner-occupants exempt from the Fair Housing Act? - correct answer-If
they occupy their home and rent or sell rooms in a home with four or fewer units.
