BIOL 215 CWRU: 3 CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Functions of connective tissue.
Answer: provides support
◍ trancription unit.
Answer: the segment of DNA from which the initiation point of
transcription point of transcription to the termination point of transcription.
◍ which are not vascularized?.
Answer: cartilage, tendons, ligaments
◍ Three parts of CT.
Answer: Cells, fibers, ground substance
◍ Major types of cells in ct.
Answer: fibroblasts, adipocytes, leukocytes
◍ operon.
Answer: a cluster of prokaryotic genes organized into a single transcription
unit and is associated regulatory sequences.-the gene for its regulatory
protein is separate from the operon the gene controls.
◍ Regulatory Sequences.
Answer: are DNA sequences to which specific proteins bind to control the
transcription of the gene or genes .
◍ Fibroblasts function.
Answer: synthesize fibers
◍ Promotor.
Answer: A regulatory DNA sequence. Which is the site to which RNA
, polymerase binds to begin transcription.
◍ Adipocytes function.
Answer: store energy, insulation, protection
◍ Operator.
Answer: a regulatory DNA sequence. A short segment to which a regulatory
protein binds to affect the expression of the operon.
◍ Regulatory Protein.
Answer: A DNA binding protein that binds to a regulatory sequence and
affects the expression of an associated gene or genes.
◍ Two Types of Regulatory Control Systems.
Answer: 1. Negative Control2. Positive Control
◍ Leukocytes function (WBC).
Answer: immunity
◍ other less important cells in ct.
Answer: osteocytes, chondrocytes, erithrocytes
◍ osteocytes function.
Answer: make bone
◍ chrondrocytes function.
Answer: make cartalidginous ct
◍ erithrocytes function.
Answer: rbc -> transports nutrients and gases
◍ fibers in ct.
Answer: collagen, elastic, reticular
◍ Negative Control.
Answer: genes are expressed unless they are switched off by a regulatory
protein called a repressor. -In the absence of the repressor or if the repressor
is inactivated, the genes are on.
◍ Positive Control.
, Answer: genes are switched on (expressed) only when an active regulatory
protein called an activator is present. -In the absence of the activator or if the
activator is inactivated, the genes are off.
◍ Lac Operon.
Answer: a negatively regulated system controlled by a regulatory protein
called the Lac Repressor.
◍ Lac Repressor.
Answer: is encoded by the regulatory gene lacI. -This gene is nearby but
separate from the lac operon -it is synthesized in active form
◍ Structural Gene.
Answer: used for a gene that encodes a protein that has a function other than
gene regulation. -example: 3 lac operon genes
◍ ground substance types in ct.
Answer: liquid, semi-solid (gel), solid
◍ Regulatory Gene.
Answer: a gene that encodes a protein that regulates the expression of
structural genes-Example: LacI
◍ Allolactose.
Answer: is the inducer of the lac operon. It causes (induces) the transcription
of the operon's structural genes.-works by activating the Lac Repressor -
activates the repressor by binding to a specific site on the repressor
protein-this causes it to undergo allosteric shift.
◍ Inducible operon.
Answer: when an inducer molecule increases an operons expression, the
operon then becomes an inducible operon.- Transcription of the structural
genes in this operon starts when the pathway's substrate is
present.-Example: when an inducer molecule increases the Lac Operon
expression
◍ Positive Gene Regulation System in Lac Operon.
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Functions of connective tissue.
Answer: provides support
◍ trancription unit.
Answer: the segment of DNA from which the initiation point of
transcription point of transcription to the termination point of transcription.
◍ which are not vascularized?.
Answer: cartilage, tendons, ligaments
◍ Three parts of CT.
Answer: Cells, fibers, ground substance
◍ Major types of cells in ct.
Answer: fibroblasts, adipocytes, leukocytes
◍ operon.
Answer: a cluster of prokaryotic genes organized into a single transcription
unit and is associated regulatory sequences.-the gene for its regulatory
protein is separate from the operon the gene controls.
◍ Regulatory Sequences.
Answer: are DNA sequences to which specific proteins bind to control the
transcription of the gene or genes .
◍ Fibroblasts function.
Answer: synthesize fibers
◍ Promotor.
Answer: A regulatory DNA sequence. Which is the site to which RNA
, polymerase binds to begin transcription.
◍ Adipocytes function.
Answer: store energy, insulation, protection
◍ Operator.
Answer: a regulatory DNA sequence. A short segment to which a regulatory
protein binds to affect the expression of the operon.
◍ Regulatory Protein.
Answer: A DNA binding protein that binds to a regulatory sequence and
affects the expression of an associated gene or genes.
◍ Two Types of Regulatory Control Systems.
Answer: 1. Negative Control2. Positive Control
◍ Leukocytes function (WBC).
Answer: immunity
◍ other less important cells in ct.
Answer: osteocytes, chondrocytes, erithrocytes
◍ osteocytes function.
Answer: make bone
◍ chrondrocytes function.
Answer: make cartalidginous ct
◍ erithrocytes function.
Answer: rbc -> transports nutrients and gases
◍ fibers in ct.
Answer: collagen, elastic, reticular
◍ Negative Control.
Answer: genes are expressed unless they are switched off by a regulatory
protein called a repressor. -In the absence of the repressor or if the repressor
is inactivated, the genes are on.
◍ Positive Control.
, Answer: genes are switched on (expressed) only when an active regulatory
protein called an activator is present. -In the absence of the activator or if the
activator is inactivated, the genes are off.
◍ Lac Operon.
Answer: a negatively regulated system controlled by a regulatory protein
called the Lac Repressor.
◍ Lac Repressor.
Answer: is encoded by the regulatory gene lacI. -This gene is nearby but
separate from the lac operon -it is synthesized in active form
◍ Structural Gene.
Answer: used for a gene that encodes a protein that has a function other than
gene regulation. -example: 3 lac operon genes
◍ ground substance types in ct.
Answer: liquid, semi-solid (gel), solid
◍ Regulatory Gene.
Answer: a gene that encodes a protein that regulates the expression of
structural genes-Example: LacI
◍ Allolactose.
Answer: is the inducer of the lac operon. It causes (induces) the transcription
of the operon's structural genes.-works by activating the Lac Repressor -
activates the repressor by binding to a specific site on the repressor
protein-this causes it to undergo allosteric shift.
◍ Inducible operon.
Answer: when an inducer molecule increases an operons expression, the
operon then becomes an inducible operon.- Transcription of the structural
genes in this operon starts when the pathway's substrate is
present.-Example: when an inducer molecule increases the Lac Operon
expression
◍ Positive Gene Regulation System in Lac Operon.
