TEST BANK: LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF
BIOCHEMISTRY, 8TH EDITION CHAPTERS 1
– 28 | COMPLETE EXAM
Section 1: The Foundations of Biochemistry & Water (Ch 1-2)
Question 1
In a bacterial cell, the genetic material (DNA) is localized in which
region?
A) Nucleus
B) Nucleolus
C) Nucleoid
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: Bacteria are prokaryotes and lack a membrane-bound
nucleus. Instead, their DNA is concentrated in a region of the
cytoplasm called the nucleoid .
Question 2
Which of the following statements best distinguishes eukaryotic cells
from prokaryotic cells?
A) Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes do not.
B) Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus and
, mitochondria.
C) Prokaryotes have circular DNA, while eukaryotes only have linear
DNA.
D) Prokaryotes utilize ATP for energy, while eukaryotes do not.
E) Eukaryotes are always multicellular.
Answer: B
Rationale: The defining characteristic of eukaryotes is the presence
of internal membrane-bound compartments (organelles). While
prokaryotes have a nucleoid region, eukaryotes have a true nucleus.
Prokaryotes can have cell walls, and both cell types use ATP .
Question 3
What functional groups are present on a molecule such as D-glucose?
A) Ether and aldehyde
B) Hydroxyl and ketone
C) Hydroxyl and aldehyde
D) Carboxyl and aldehyde
E) Hydroxyl and ester
Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose is an aldose sugar. It contains multiple hydroxyl
groups (–OH) and an aldehyde group (–CHO). If it contained a ketone
group, it would be a ketose (like fructose) .
Question 4
The four most abundant chemical elements in living organisms are:
A) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
B) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, iron
C) Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
BIOCHEMISTRY, 8TH EDITION CHAPTERS 1
– 28 | COMPLETE EXAM
Section 1: The Foundations of Biochemistry & Water (Ch 1-2)
Question 1
In a bacterial cell, the genetic material (DNA) is localized in which
region?
A) Nucleus
B) Nucleolus
C) Nucleoid
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Lysosome
Answer: C
Rationale: Bacteria are prokaryotes and lack a membrane-bound
nucleus. Instead, their DNA is concentrated in a region of the
cytoplasm called the nucleoid .
Question 2
Which of the following statements best distinguishes eukaryotic cells
from prokaryotic cells?
A) Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes do not.
B) Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus and
, mitochondria.
C) Prokaryotes have circular DNA, while eukaryotes only have linear
DNA.
D) Prokaryotes utilize ATP for energy, while eukaryotes do not.
E) Eukaryotes are always multicellular.
Answer: B
Rationale: The defining characteristic of eukaryotes is the presence
of internal membrane-bound compartments (organelles). While
prokaryotes have a nucleoid region, eukaryotes have a true nucleus.
Prokaryotes can have cell walls, and both cell types use ATP .
Question 3
What functional groups are present on a molecule such as D-glucose?
A) Ether and aldehyde
B) Hydroxyl and ketone
C) Hydroxyl and aldehyde
D) Carboxyl and aldehyde
E) Hydroxyl and ester
Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose is an aldose sugar. It contains multiple hydroxyl
groups (–OH) and an aldehyde group (–CHO). If it contained a ketone
group, it would be a ketose (like fructose) .
Question 4
The four most abundant chemical elements in living organisms are:
A) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
B) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, iron
C) Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
