BIOL 1020 EXAM 1 RIGGS ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● levels of taxonomy
Answer: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
●● common themes in the study of life
Answer: evolution, order/organization, reproduction, growth and
development, energy processing, internal regulation, response to
environment
●● the central theory of biology is ___ by means of ___
Answer: evolution; natural selection
●● scientific method
Answer: observation, hypothesis, experiment, & analysis
●● covalent bond
Answer: sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms
●● polar covalent bond
,Answer: atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons of
bond aren't shared equally
●● ionic bond
Answer: only 2 ions of opposite charge can form this
●● hydrogen bond
Answer: attraction between a hydrogen & an electronegative atom
●● van der Waals
Answer: -weak, occurs when atoms & molecules are very close together
-they stick together
-this bond allows gecko to walk on the wall
●● dynamic equilibrium
Answer: -reactions are still going on, but with no net effect on the
concentrations of reactants & products
-this does NOT mean they are equal in concentration
●● four emergent properties of water
Answer: ice floats, surface tensions, specific heat, solvent
●● acid
,Answer: substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
●● base
Answer: substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
●● pH of a solution
Answer: pH= -log[H+]
-pH declines as H+ concentration increases
-the lower the number of pH, the more acidic it is
●● buffers
Answer: -minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ & OH-
-most buffers contain a weak acid & corresponding base
●● hydorcarbon chains vary in
Answer: -length of chain, branching, placement of double bonds
-do NOT vary in number of covalent bonds
●● isomers
Answer: same number of atoms in the same elements but have different
structures & properties
, ●● cis-/trans-isomers
Answer: cis- same side, trans- opposite sides
●● enantiomers
Answer: -mirror image of each other
-2 forms
●● structural isomers
Answer: differ in arrangement of atoms
●● hydroxyl group
Answer: -OH
polar
●● carbonyl group
Answer: C=O
-ketone: functional group in the middle
-aldehyde: functional group with H on the end
●● carboxyl group
Answer: COOH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● levels of taxonomy
Answer: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
●● common themes in the study of life
Answer: evolution, order/organization, reproduction, growth and
development, energy processing, internal regulation, response to
environment
●● the central theory of biology is ___ by means of ___
Answer: evolution; natural selection
●● scientific method
Answer: observation, hypothesis, experiment, & analysis
●● covalent bond
Answer: sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms
●● polar covalent bond
,Answer: atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons of
bond aren't shared equally
●● ionic bond
Answer: only 2 ions of opposite charge can form this
●● hydrogen bond
Answer: attraction between a hydrogen & an electronegative atom
●● van der Waals
Answer: -weak, occurs when atoms & molecules are very close together
-they stick together
-this bond allows gecko to walk on the wall
●● dynamic equilibrium
Answer: -reactions are still going on, but with no net effect on the
concentrations of reactants & products
-this does NOT mean they are equal in concentration
●● four emergent properties of water
Answer: ice floats, surface tensions, specific heat, solvent
●● acid
,Answer: substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
●● base
Answer: substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution
●● pH of a solution
Answer: pH= -log[H+]
-pH declines as H+ concentration increases
-the lower the number of pH, the more acidic it is
●● buffers
Answer: -minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ & OH-
-most buffers contain a weak acid & corresponding base
●● hydorcarbon chains vary in
Answer: -length of chain, branching, placement of double bonds
-do NOT vary in number of covalent bonds
●● isomers
Answer: same number of atoms in the same elements but have different
structures & properties
, ●● cis-/trans-isomers
Answer: cis- same side, trans- opposite sides
●● enantiomers
Answer: -mirror image of each other
-2 forms
●● structural isomers
Answer: differ in arrangement of atoms
●● hydroxyl group
Answer: -OH
polar
●● carbonyl group
Answer: C=O
-ketone: functional group in the middle
-aldehyde: functional group with H on the end
●● carboxyl group
Answer: COOH
