Professional Nursing Introduction to the Nursing Profession Questions and Answers

Professional Nursing Introduction to the Nursing Profession Questions and Answers Which of the following trends in nursing and healthcare were identified by both the NLN and ANA? Select all that apply. - Increased diversity - Increased collaborative practice - The challenge of managed care - The shift to population-based care - Increased collaborative practice Activities of the nursing process - Assessing - Diagnosing - Planning - Implementing - Evaluating The __________ of Nursing allows students from approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. Board Nurse Practice __________ are laws established in each state in the U.S. to regulate the practice of nursing. Acts The report released in 2011, The __________ of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, is a thorough examination of how nurses' roles, responsibilities and education should change to meet the needs of an aging, increasingly diverse population and to respond to a complex, evolving health care system. Future The report released in 2011, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, is a thorough examination of how nurses' roles, responsibilities and education should change to meet the needs of an aging, increasingly diverse population and to respond to a complex, evolving health care system. The key messages underlying the IOM's recommendations for transforming the nursing profession include the following. Select all that apply. - Nurses should be full partners, with health care providers and other health professionals, in redesigning health care in the U.S. - Nurses at the BSN level should be allowed to diagnose, prescribe, and treat patients in primary care settings. - Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression - Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training - Nurses should be full partners, with health care providers and other health professionals, in redesigning health care in the U.S. - Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression - Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training Which of the following is not a primary role of the nurse? A) To advocate for individuals, families, communities, and populations B) To treat human responses to health or illness. C) To provide pathological diagnosis D) To promote health E) To prevent illness (C) To provide pathological diagnosis Which of the following is not one of the purposes of health assessment? A) To make judgments about nursing interventions based on findings. B) To confirm medical diagnoses. C) To gather information about the health status of the patient. D) To analyze and synthesize patient data. B) To confirm medical diagnosis The nurse goes about assessment using systematic, dynamic method to collect and analyze data about a client. Assessment includes physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, economic, and lifestyle factors. True Which of the following are Nursing values? Select all that apply. - Diversity - Integrity - Strength - Respect - Empathy - Unity - Compassion - Diversity - Integrity - Respect - Unity Emergency Assessment Involves a life-threatening or unstable situation Comprehensive Assessment Involves a complete health history and physical assessment Focused Assessment Is based on a patient's health issues and occurs in all settings Cultural Competence refers to the complex combination of knowledge, attitudes, and skills a health provider uses to deliver care and considers the total context of the patient's situation across cultural boundaries. True Health protection (illness/disease prevention) is behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability. True Which one of the following statements describes a risk factor associated with age? A) A family history of cancer or diabetes predisposes a person to developing the disease B) Working and living environments (such as hazardous materials and poor sanitation) may contribute to disease C) After menopause, women are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease D) Smoking increases the probability of lung cancer C) After menopause, women are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease An example of a __________ risk factor is a family history of cancer or diabetes that predisposes a person to developing the disease. Genetic Which of the following motivates health protection behavior? Select all that apply. - Hospital regulations and can vary among institutions - A desire to avoid or detect disease - Maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability - A personal desire to increase well-being and health potential - A desire to avoid or detect disease - Maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability Health goals for breast health • Increase the proportion of mothers who breastfeed their babies. • Increase the proportion of women who receive breast cancer screening according to current guidelines. • Reduce the female breast cancer death rate. • Reduce late-stage female breast cancer (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2017). The majority of known risk factors for a stroke—cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, and psychosocial factors—are modifiable by preventive measures and adjunctive drug therapies. True Health belief model Focused on what people believe or perceive about their health Health promotion model Explains how people interact with their environment as they pursue health Health-illness continuum Health is a constantly changing state, a graduated scale with a high-level wellness at one end, and death at the other Health habits Activities such as smoking Agent-host-environmental model Explains how certain risk factors place people at risk for infectious disease Stages of change model Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse, upward spiral Which of the following should be included in an assessment for melanoma? Select all that apply. - Surface Texture - Evolution - Age of patient - Border - Color - Asymmetry - Diameter - Asymmetry - Border - Color - Diameter - Evolution Which of the following is not a component in the Health Belief Model of individual perceptions of threat of a disease? A) Perceived treatment plan B) Perceived susceptibility to a disease C) Perceived benefits of action D) Perceived seriousness of a disease A) Perceived treatment plan __________ is an Act first established in 1970 and is intended to reduce work-related injuries and illnesses and has established safety standards for workers who may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens in their employment. OSHA The National __________ Data Bank is an information clearinghouse where nurses may be reported to for medical malpractice payments, adverse licensure actions, or adverse professional actions. Practitioner What is the intent and purpose of the OSHA Act first established in 1970? Select all that apply. - Provide legal protection for nurses - Established safety standards for workers who may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens in their employment - Offer malpractice insurance for nurses - Reduce work-related injuries and illnesses - Established safety standards for workers who may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens in their employment - Reduce work-related injuries and illnesses This law protects employees from discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and provides that pregnant women receive the same protection as other employees and applicants. A) The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 B) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 C) OSHA Act of 1970 D) Occupational Health Nurse Act of 1985 B) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Careful documentation ensures a record of competent practice. The medical record is the best available evidence to defend your actions. With charting, it is recommended to do the following: Document all clinical observations and critical diagnostics, Document conversations with other providers regarding patient issues, Make sure that the medical record reflects that you pursued your concerns to resolution. True __________ involves the transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity to another person while retaining accountability for the outcome. RNs remain responsible for the nursing process itself. Delegation Competent nursing practice remains the nurse's most important and best legal safeguard. Legal safeguards include which of the following? Select all that apply. - Developing and maintaining interpersonal communication skills - Following institutional policies and procedures - Keeping current in nursing knowledge and skills - Respecting legal boundaries of practice - Developing and maintaining interpersonal communication skills - Following institutional policies and procedures - Keeping current in nursing knowledge and skills - Respecting legal boundaries of practice __________ involves four elements that must be established to prove that malpractice or negligence has occurred. The four elements are the following: duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. Liability The steps involved in __________ litigation are as follows: 1) The basis for the claim is determined to be appropriate and timely 2) All parties named as defendants such as the nurses, physicians, health care facility, as well as insurance companies and attorneys work toward a fair settlement 3) The case is presented to a malpractice arbitration panel 4) Panel decision is either accepted or rejected 5) The defendants contest allegations- argue that there is no basis for alleging deviation of the appropriate standard of care 6) Pretrial discovery occurs with review of medical records and then the trial takes place 7) Decision or verdict is ready by the judge or jury. Malpractice A few of areas of potential __________ for nurses related to physical assessments include the following: Incomplete admission history taken, Significant omissions or errors in recorded database/ health record, Failure to note in the patient's care plan and to execute the need for more frequent nursing assessments, Failure to recognize and to report significant changes in the patient's condition. Liability A __________ is a crime that is subject to action in a civil court with damages usually being settled with money Tort HIPAA ensures that patients have which of the following rights? Select all that apply. - To request correction of any mistakes - To see and copy their health record - To update their health record - To delete from their health record as desired - To request correction of any mistakes - To see and copy their health record - To update their health record Examples of __________ law and statutory law are the following: Federal Controlled Substance Acts, Kidnapping laws, Criminal negligence, Illegal possession of drugs. Criminal Certain acts by nurses could constitute invasion of __________. The following could be examples: Unnecessary exposure of patients while moving them through a corridor or while caring for them in rooms they share with others, Talking with patients in rooms that are not soundproof, Discussing patient information with people who are not entitled to the information, Carrying out research without taking proper precautions to ensure the anonymity of patients. Privacy Only a reasonable amount of restraint should be used in circumstances that warrant it. The indiscriminate and thoughtless use of restraints on a patient can constitute false __________. Imprisionment Licensure A legal document that permits a person to offer to the public skills and knowledge in a particular jurisdiction, where such practice would otherwise be unlawful without a license. Accreditation Nursing, like most other health care professions, operates under state laws that promote the general welfare by determining minimum standards of education through accreditation of schools of nursing. Certification Validates specialty knowledge, experience, and clinical judgement Standards Developed and implemented by the nursing profession itself, are not mandatory but are used as guidelines for peer review. Professional nursing organizations continually reassess the functions, standards, and qualifications of their member. Credentialing The ways in which professional competence is ensured and maintained Nurse Practice Acts List the violations that can result in disciplinary actions against a nurse and also intend to prevent untrained or unlicensed people from practicing nursing. __________ court hears only cases questioning a point of law decided by the trial court. No witnesses testify at this court level. Appellate Four sources of law exist at both the federal and state level. They include which of the following? Select all that apply. - Administrative law - Constitutions - Legal law - Common law Statutory law - Constitutions - Statutory law - Administrative law - Common law Periods of __________ in therapeutic communication can carry a variety of meanings, including the following: the patient might be comfortable and content in the nurse-patient relationship; the patient might be trying to cope without help; patient might be exploring inner thoughts or feelings and a conversation would disrupt this; and patient might be fearful and use silence as an escape from a threat. Silence Which of the following may be barriers to therapeutic communication with a patient? Select all that apply. - Changing the subject during a conversation - Giving false assurance - Sitting down in front of the patient - Discussing rumors - Changing the subject during a conversation - Giving false assurance - Discussing rumors What are some examples of nontherapeutic responses? Select all that apply. - Using Technical Language - False Reassurance - Interrupting - Clarifying - Distractions - Sequencing - Unwanted Advice - Summarizing - Using technical language - False reassurance - Interrupting - Distractions - Unwanted advice Anger and aggressive behavior between nurses, or nurse-to-nurse hostility, is called which of the following? A) Rationale behavior B) Horizontal violence C) Impaired verbal communication D) Therapeutic communication B) Horizontal violence Examples of nursing diagnoses that can assist with care planning for patients related to communication include which of the following? Select all that apply. - Risk for Injury - Readiness for Enhanced Communication - Impaired Verbal Communication - Impaired Nutritional Intake - Impaired verbal communication - Readiness for enhanced communication __________ practice revolves around the nurse-patient relationship, which is built upon verbal and nonverbal communication within a specific setting. The nurse-patient relationship differs from personal and social relationships because its foundation is the therapeutic use of self through verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Nursing The purpose of taking a health history is to collect __________ data from a patient. Subjective Types of patient __________ include the following: situational, developmental, motivational, short-term, and long-term. Counseling Motivational interviewing is an evidence-based counseling approach that involves the following: Discussing feelings with the patient, Discussing incentives with the patient, Is a family-centered model. True What are the 3 learning domains? Cognitive, affective, psychomotor Teaching strategies in the affective domain - Role-modeling - Discussion - Printed materials - Audiovisual materials Role playing gives the learner a chance to do which of the following? Select all that apply. - Experience an event - Relive an event - Evaluate an event - Anticipate an event - Experience an event - Relive an event - Anticipate an event No one method is right for teaching all learners in all settings, nor is one method more effective for changing behaviors. It is important to choose methods that take into consideration your familiarity with the method, the availability of educational resources and teaching materials, and __________ appropriate methods. Age Pedagogy The science of teaching that generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents