NURS 5315 Final Exam Questions
and Answers Top Rated Latest
Version
Question >> 1
Which patient requires treatment with antibiotics for a prolonged
period of time?
A patient with mycobacterium avium complex. A patient with
community acquired MRSA.
A patient with oral candidiasis. A patient with measles.
Answer>>
Mycobacterium avium complex is caused by an acid fast bacilli.
These bacteria have extremely thick cell walls which inhibits
nutrients or antibiotics from entering the cell easily; therefore, this
patient requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to effectively
treat this condition. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection, measles
is a viral infection and neither are treated with antibiotics. MRSA
does not necessary require long term treatment with antibiotics.
Question >> 2
A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease and his wife has
a heterozygous genotype for the disease. They ask you, What is
the chance that our baby will have the disease? Which of the
following answers is correct?
25%
Page 1 of 62
,50%
75%
100%
Answer>>
A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell
nucleus which is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each human cell for a total
of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are separated into two
identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set of
chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell
division. This process is responsible for the transfer of genetic
information to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of
chromosomes is the pair which contains the genetic information
for gender. This pair contains the genetic information which
delineates between the male and female genders. Females have
two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY chromosome pair.
Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous. This means
they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender.
Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on the
first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried
on the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes
are nearly identical to one another and are considered
homologous to one another. Each autosomal chromosome in a
pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known as alleles.
The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the
chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or
physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
One allele may be dominant and the other recessive, or they both
may be dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles' genetic
code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The
Page 2 of 62
,information in the recessive allele is typically not expressed in the
phenotype unless both alleles are recessive. For the purpose of
clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a capital letter and
the recessive gene is assigned a lower case letter. Any letter is
okay to use but make sure you use the same letter for the
genotype - for example, "Bb or aa." The term homozygous refers
to a pair of alleles which are either both dominant or recessive.
For example, "BB or bb" are said to be homozygous because the
alleles are either both dominant or recessive. An allele pair in
which one is dominant and one is recessive is said to be
heterozygous. In autosomal recessive disorders both alleles on the
chromosome are affected by the genetic aberration. If only one
recessive gene is affected by the genetic aberration then the
person is said to be a carrier and will not have the phenotypic
expression of the disease. The healthy, recessive allele will
compensate for the allele which is affected by the genetic
aberration. The carrier can pass the
trait but does not have the genetic disease. In an autosomal
dominant disorder the dominant gene is the only gene that has to
be affected by the genetic aberration in order to have the
phenotypic expression of the disease. A healthy recessive allele
cannot compensate for a diseased dominant allele. In order to
answer this Question >> one must understand the above
information and draw a Punnett Square.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease which means his
genotype must be aa. The wife has a heterozygous genotype for
the disease which means her genotype is Aa. The capital A reflects
a healthy gene so she is merely a carrier and does not express the
disease phenotype. The father's genotype is written across the top
line and the mother's genotype is written in the boxes to the left.
Page 3 of 62
, The four
boxes in the middle are the possible genotypes of their offspring.
Each box represents a 25% chance for the offspring to have that
particular genotype. The Question >> asks you to determine the
chances the offspring will have the autosomal recessive disease or
in other words, express the phenotype for the disease. The
genotype which will result in the disease is "aa." Therefore, there is
a 50% chance that their offspring will have the autosomal
recessive disease.
Question >> 3
Which patient will most likely have issues with bleeding secondary
to a platelet dysfunction?
A 72y/o patient with acute myelogenous leukemia . A 3y/o male
child with hemophilia A.
A patient with Hageman deficiency. A patient with a protein C
deficiency.
Answer>>
Acute leukemia causes a thrombocytopenia, thus patients with
acute leukemia are likely to experience bleeds secondary to
platelet deficiencies. Hemophilia A causes a coagulopathy.
Hagemen factor is a coagulation protein that has a role in the
coagulation cascade but a deficiency does not cause a
coagulopathy. A protein C deficiency causes a hypercoagulable
state.
Question >> 4
A patient presents to the emergency department with shortness
of breath. An echocardiogram shows a restrictive filling pattern of
the left ventricle. Which of the following diagnoses is correct?
Page 4 of 62
and Answers Top Rated Latest
Version
Question >> 1
Which patient requires treatment with antibiotics for a prolonged
period of time?
A patient with mycobacterium avium complex. A patient with
community acquired MRSA.
A patient with oral candidiasis. A patient with measles.
Answer>>
Mycobacterium avium complex is caused by an acid fast bacilli.
These bacteria have extremely thick cell walls which inhibits
nutrients or antibiotics from entering the cell easily; therefore, this
patient requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to effectively
treat this condition. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection, measles
is a viral infection and neither are treated with antibiotics. MRSA
does not necessary require long term treatment with antibiotics.
Question >> 2
A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease and his wife has
a heterozygous genotype for the disease. They ask you, What is
the chance that our baby will have the disease? Which of the
following answers is correct?
25%
Page 1 of 62
,50%
75%
100%
Answer>>
A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell
nucleus which is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each human cell for a total
of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are separated into two
identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set of
chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell
division. This process is responsible for the transfer of genetic
information to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of
chromosomes is the pair which contains the genetic information
for gender. This pair contains the genetic information which
delineates between the male and female genders. Females have
two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY chromosome pair.
Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous. This means
they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender.
Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on the
first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried
on the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes
are nearly identical to one another and are considered
homologous to one another. Each autosomal chromosome in a
pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known as alleles.
The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the
chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or
physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
One allele may be dominant and the other recessive, or they both
may be dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles' genetic
code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The
Page 2 of 62
,information in the recessive allele is typically not expressed in the
phenotype unless both alleles are recessive. For the purpose of
clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a capital letter and
the recessive gene is assigned a lower case letter. Any letter is
okay to use but make sure you use the same letter for the
genotype - for example, "Bb or aa." The term homozygous refers
to a pair of alleles which are either both dominant or recessive.
For example, "BB or bb" are said to be homozygous because the
alleles are either both dominant or recessive. An allele pair in
which one is dominant and one is recessive is said to be
heterozygous. In autosomal recessive disorders both alleles on the
chromosome are affected by the genetic aberration. If only one
recessive gene is affected by the genetic aberration then the
person is said to be a carrier and will not have the phenotypic
expression of the disease. The healthy, recessive allele will
compensate for the allele which is affected by the genetic
aberration. The carrier can pass the
trait but does not have the genetic disease. In an autosomal
dominant disorder the dominant gene is the only gene that has to
be affected by the genetic aberration in order to have the
phenotypic expression of the disease. A healthy recessive allele
cannot compensate for a diseased dominant allele. In order to
answer this Question >> one must understand the above
information and draw a Punnett Square.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease which means his
genotype must be aa. The wife has a heterozygous genotype for
the disease which means her genotype is Aa. The capital A reflects
a healthy gene so she is merely a carrier and does not express the
disease phenotype. The father's genotype is written across the top
line and the mother's genotype is written in the boxes to the left.
Page 3 of 62
, The four
boxes in the middle are the possible genotypes of their offspring.
Each box represents a 25% chance for the offspring to have that
particular genotype. The Question >> asks you to determine the
chances the offspring will have the autosomal recessive disease or
in other words, express the phenotype for the disease. The
genotype which will result in the disease is "aa." Therefore, there is
a 50% chance that their offspring will have the autosomal
recessive disease.
Question >> 3
Which patient will most likely have issues with bleeding secondary
to a platelet dysfunction?
A 72y/o patient with acute myelogenous leukemia . A 3y/o male
child with hemophilia A.
A patient with Hageman deficiency. A patient with a protein C
deficiency.
Answer>>
Acute leukemia causes a thrombocytopenia, thus patients with
acute leukemia are likely to experience bleeds secondary to
platelet deficiencies. Hemophilia A causes a coagulopathy.
Hagemen factor is a coagulation protein that has a role in the
coagulation cascade but a deficiency does not cause a
coagulopathy. A protein C deficiency causes a hypercoagulable
state.
Question >> 4
A patient presents to the emergency department with shortness
of breath. An echocardiogram shows a restrictive filling pattern of
the left ventricle. Which of the following diagnoses is correct?
Page 4 of 62
