NURSING 6TH EDITION GORMAN BY LINDA M.
GORMANM AND ROBYNN ANWAR FULL TESTBANK
ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED|| LATES AND J
COMPLETEUPDATE GRADED A+
chapter 01: history of mental health nursing
History of Mental Health Nursing
Learning Objectives Key Terms
1. Identify the major trailblazers to mental health nursing. • American Nurses
Association (ANA)
2. Know the basic tenets or theories of the contributors to
mental health nursing. • Asylum
3. Define three types of treatmen facilities.
J • Deinstitutionalization
4. Identify three breakthroughs tha advanced mental
J • Free-standing treatmen J
health nursing. centers
5. Identify the major laws and provisions of each tha J • National Association for
influenced mental health nursing. Practical Nurse Education
and Service (NAPNES)
, • National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses • Nurse Practice Act
(NFLPN)
• Psychotropic
• National League for Nursing (NLN)
• Standards of care
■ The Trailblazers were the nurses who took the risks? Who were
the ones who spoke ou on behalf of the J
For centuries, nurses have been many things to patient and the profession? In times when many
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people. People have nurses to thank for
J nursing was considered only “women’s work,”
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cooking, cleaning, and ministering to those who and when women were not politically active, the
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fought battles. J major trailblazers were female. J J J
Long before people knew what aerobic or
J J J J J J J Florence Nightingale J
anaerobic microorganisms were, nurses knew J J J J J
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) (Fig. 1-1). J J J J
when to open or close the windows. Nurses
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helped women give birth to their young and
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has been called the founder of nursing. Her story
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nursed the babies when mothers were unable to
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and her contributions are numerous enough to fill
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or when mothers died during or shortly after
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many volumes. She was born of wealth and was
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giving birth. The first flight attendants were
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highly educated. When she was very young, she
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nurses. For centuries, nurses have gone about
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realized she wanted to be a nurse, which did not
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the business of caring for people, but they have
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please her parents. Conditions in hospitals were
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not always done that quietly. Who
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poor, and her J J
3
, C H A P TE R 1 | History of Mental Health Nursing 4
Santa Filomena
J
by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Whene’er a
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noble deed is wrought, Whene’er is spoken a noble
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thought, Our hearts, in glad surprise,
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To higher levels rise.
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Figure 1-1 Florence Nightingale at work
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during the Crimean War.
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parents wanted her to pursue a life as wife,
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mother, and society woman. J J J
Florence worked hard to educate herself in the
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art and science of nursing. Her mission to help
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the British soldiers in the Crimean War
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earned her respect around the world as a nurse
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and administrator. This was no easy task
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because many of the soldiers at the Barrack
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Hospital at Scutari resented her intelligence
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and did what they could to undermine her
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work.
The relationship between sanitary con-
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ditions and healing became known and
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accepted due to her observations and dili-J J J J J J J
gence. Within 6 months of her arrival in
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Scutari, the mortality rate dropped from
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42.7% to 2.2% (Donahue, 1985, p. 244).
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She insisted on proper lighting, diet, clean-
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liness, and recreation. She understood that the
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mind and body work together and that
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cleanliness, the predecessor to today’s sterile J J J J J J
techniques, is a major barrier to infec- tion and J J J J J J J J J
promotes healing. She carefully observed and J J J J J J
documented changes in the conditions of the J J J J J J J
soldiers, which led to her adulation as “The
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Lady with the Lamp” (from the poem “Santa
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Filomena” by H. W. Longfellow). J J J J
, C H A P TE R 1 | History of Mental Health Nursing 5
The tidal wave of deeper souls Into our
J J J J J J J J She was a crusader for the improvement of care and
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inmost being rolls, And lifts us unawaresJ J J J J J conditions in the military and civil- ian hospitals in
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Britain. Among her books are Notes on Hospitals
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Out of all meaner cares.
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(1859), which deals with the relationship of
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Honour to those whose words or deeds Thus J J J J J J J J
sanitary techniques to medical facilities; Notes on
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help us in our daily needs,
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Nursing (1859), which was the most respected
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nursing text- book of the day; and Notes on Matters
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And by their overflow Raise us from what is
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Affect- ing the Health, Eficiency and Hospital
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low! Administration of the British Army J J J J
Thus thought I, as by night I read Of the great (1857) (Donahue, 1985, p. 248).
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army of the dead, The trenches cold and damp,
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The starved and frozen camp,
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The wounded from the battle-plain, In dreary
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hospitals of pain, J J
The cheerless corridors, The cold and stony
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floors. Lo! in that house of misery A lady with a
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lamp I see J J
Pass through the glimmering gloom, And flit
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from room to room. J J J
And slow, as in a dream of bliss, The
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speechless sufferer turns to kiss Her shadow, J J J J J J J
as it falls
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Upon the darkening walls. J J J
As if a door in heaven should be Opened and
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then closed suddenly, The vision came and
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went,
The light shone and was spent.
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On England’s annals, through the long
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Hereafter of her speech and song, J J J J J
That light its rays shall cast From portals of
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the past.J
A Lady with a Lamp shall stand In the great
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history of the land, A noble type of good,
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Heroic womanhood. J
Nor even shall be wanting here The palm, the
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lily, and the spear, The symbols that of yore
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Saint Filomena bore. J J