BIOL 251 Final Exam Practice Questions &
Answers (2026/2027) | Full Revision Pack |
Accurate Responses | A+
• Acetylcholine (ACh). CORRECT ANSWER: Neurotransmitter released at
neuromuscular junctions to initiate contraction.
• Actin. CORRECT ANSWER: Thin filament involved in muscle contraction.
• Action potential. CORRECT ANSWER: Rapid electrical signal traveling
along excitable cells.
• Amino acid. CORRECT ANSWER: Basic building block of proteins.
• Arachnoid mater. CORRECT ANSWER: Middle meningeal layer.
• Arrector pili muscle. CORRECT ANSWER: Smooth muscle that elevates
hair follicles.
• Articular cartilage. CORRECT ANSWER: Smooth hyaline cartilage
covering bone ends in joints.
• ATP (adenosine triphosphate). CORRECT ANSWER: Primary energy
molecule of the cell.
• Auricle. CORRECT ANSWER: External ear structure directing sound into
ear canal.
• Axon terminal. CORRECT ANSWER: End of a neuron that releases
neurotransmitter.
• Basale (stratum basale). CORRECT ANSWER: Deepest epidermal layer;
site of mitosis.
• Bilateral symmetry. CORRECT ANSWER: (Implied in diagrams; often
referenced) Organization with mirrored sides.
, • Blind spot. CORRECT ANSWER: Area where optic nerve exits the eye;
no photoreceptors.
• Bone matrix. CORRECT ANSWER: Collagen/mineral extracellular
component of bone.
• Cation. CORRECT ANSWER: Positively charged ion formed by electron
loss.
• Calcitonin. CORRECT ANSWER: Thyroid hormone lowering blood
calcium.
• Calcium ions (Ca²⁺). CORRECT ANSWER: Ions essential for
neurotransmission and muscle contraction.
• Cardiac muscle. CORRECT ANSWER: Striated, involuntary muscle of the
heart.
• Carbohydrate. CORRECT ANSWER: Organic compound consisting of
sugars; includes mono-, di-, polysaccharides.
• Cataract. CORRECT ANSWER: Clouding of the lens that impairs vision.
• Cerebrum. CORRECT ANSWER: Brain region for higher cognitive
functions.
• Chemically gated ion channel. CORRECT ANSWER: Opens in response
to neurotransmitter binding.
• Chondrocyte. CORRECT ANSWER: Cartilage cell maintaining the
cartilage matrix.
• Cochlea. CORRECT ANSWER: Spiral inner-ear structure for hearing.
• Cochlear duct. CORRECT ANSWER: Middle chamber of cochlea
containing organ of Corti.
• Cone. CORRECT ANSWER: Photoreceptor for bright light and color
vision.
Answers (2026/2027) | Full Revision Pack |
Accurate Responses | A+
• Acetylcholine (ACh). CORRECT ANSWER: Neurotransmitter released at
neuromuscular junctions to initiate contraction.
• Actin. CORRECT ANSWER: Thin filament involved in muscle contraction.
• Action potential. CORRECT ANSWER: Rapid electrical signal traveling
along excitable cells.
• Amino acid. CORRECT ANSWER: Basic building block of proteins.
• Arachnoid mater. CORRECT ANSWER: Middle meningeal layer.
• Arrector pili muscle. CORRECT ANSWER: Smooth muscle that elevates
hair follicles.
• Articular cartilage. CORRECT ANSWER: Smooth hyaline cartilage
covering bone ends in joints.
• ATP (adenosine triphosphate). CORRECT ANSWER: Primary energy
molecule of the cell.
• Auricle. CORRECT ANSWER: External ear structure directing sound into
ear canal.
• Axon terminal. CORRECT ANSWER: End of a neuron that releases
neurotransmitter.
• Basale (stratum basale). CORRECT ANSWER: Deepest epidermal layer;
site of mitosis.
• Bilateral symmetry. CORRECT ANSWER: (Implied in diagrams; often
referenced) Organization with mirrored sides.
, • Blind spot. CORRECT ANSWER: Area where optic nerve exits the eye;
no photoreceptors.
• Bone matrix. CORRECT ANSWER: Collagen/mineral extracellular
component of bone.
• Cation. CORRECT ANSWER: Positively charged ion formed by electron
loss.
• Calcitonin. CORRECT ANSWER: Thyroid hormone lowering blood
calcium.
• Calcium ions (Ca²⁺). CORRECT ANSWER: Ions essential for
neurotransmission and muscle contraction.
• Cardiac muscle. CORRECT ANSWER: Striated, involuntary muscle of the
heart.
• Carbohydrate. CORRECT ANSWER: Organic compound consisting of
sugars; includes mono-, di-, polysaccharides.
• Cataract. CORRECT ANSWER: Clouding of the lens that impairs vision.
• Cerebrum. CORRECT ANSWER: Brain region for higher cognitive
functions.
• Chemically gated ion channel. CORRECT ANSWER: Opens in response
to neurotransmitter binding.
• Chondrocyte. CORRECT ANSWER: Cartilage cell maintaining the
cartilage matrix.
• Cochlea. CORRECT ANSWER: Spiral inner-ear structure for hearing.
• Cochlear duct. CORRECT ANSWER: Middle chamber of cochlea
containing organ of Corti.
• Cone. CORRECT ANSWER: Photoreceptor for bright light and color
vision.
