Updated/Latest Experiencing the Lifespan 3rd Edition Belsky Test Bank Comprehensive Examination Questions and Answers Study Guide for Human Development Developmental Psychology Lifespan Growth Cognitive Development Social and Emotional Development Aging C

, Lis three normative and three non-normative influences in your life.
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Describe (and speculate) on the ways an 80-year-old and a 20-year-old might view the Great
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Recession and Obama's presidency. J J J




Joey and Jack are born on the same day in the same hospital. The socioeconomic status of Joey's
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family is higher than average. Jack comes from a poverty-level family. What differences
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between Joe and Jack might you predict as they travel through life? J J J J J J J J J J J




Explain how you might teach table manners to a 4-year-old, using operant conditioning.
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Brandi, a college sophomore, seeks help from the counseling center for her extreme shyness
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and is offered a choice oftreatments. She can have sessions with a behavioral therapist,
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work with a psychoanalyst, or get therapy from a person who follows the developmental
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systems perspective. Explain in a sentence how each treatment would differ from the
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others.


Dr. Ragan, a behaviorist, is the new director of an organization that prepares people to return to
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college after they have dropped out. Dr. Ragan's mission is to design a program to assist clients
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in their efforts to successfully reenter school. Using the principles of traditional
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behaviorism, modeling, and self-efficacy, spell out some strategies that Dr. Regan might J J J J J J J J J J J J




employ.


Spell out the main similarity and difference between John Bowlby's attachment theory and
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traditional psychoanalytic theory. J J




As a psychologist, you want to determine the heritability (or genetic contribution) to
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political attitudes. Describe how you would design your study. What findings would
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suggest that political attitudes are highly genetic? J J J J J J




Give an example each ofevocative and active genetic/environment forces and how they have
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shaped the person you are. Then give an example of either an optimum or poor person-
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environment fit this semester in your life. J J J J J J




Compare and contrast Erikson and Freud's ideas.
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,Explain Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation and give a concrete
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example of those processes. J J J




You are a developmentalist studying the relationship between parenting practices and children's
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sociability. Your plan is to watch each family's interactions at home, and then observe each
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child's relationships with peers at school. Name your type of measurement and spell out its
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advantage and disadvantages. J J




Melissa and Ramon want to conduct a study to determine if exercise promotes health. Melissa
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plans to test this question using a correlational approach, while Ramon decides to conduct
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an experiment. Describe what each student's research might look like and discuss the
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respective pluses and minuses of each plan. J J J J J J




After conducting a cross-sectional study, you find that older workers are more satisfied with their
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jobs than are younger workers. How should you interpret this finding?
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List the pluses and minuses of conducting longitudinal research.
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Take a specific concept, term, or theory in this chapter and discuss how it applies to your own
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life.




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, Answer Key J




Here, while answers will vary, normative influences would center on predictable culturally
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and biologically shared events, such as going to kindergarten, reaching puberty, having
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children, dying, and so forth. In cataloguing non-normative influences, students should
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refer to any major unexpected event in their lives.
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Students' answers could legitimately vary, but I'd suspect for the 80-year-old, this election of
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our first Black president might be an incredible surprise; not so for today's emerging adults.
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In contrast, the opposite might be true ofthe financial crisis: it is likely to be a shock for
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emerging adults, but all too familiar for people who were born during the Great Depression J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




of the l930s.
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At every age, Joey might be healthier; Joey also may end up more well-educated; more likely to
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be married, and so forth.
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Answers will center on reinforcing the child for sitting still, using a fork, saying “please pass the
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peas,” etc.; and ignoring the child when he shows inappropriate behavior. You can also use
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time out when the child misbehaves.
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The behaviorist might focus on getting Brandi in positively reinforcing social situations to try to
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extinguish her shyness. The psychoanalyst would encourage Brandi to talk about her early J J J J J J J J J J J J J




life experiences and get insight into the unconscious roots of her shyness. Adevelopmental
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systems proponent would attack the problem on several fronts J J J J J J J J




—trying out medications and different types oftherapy, exploring how everything from
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cultural and family values to genetic predispositions might be causing Brandi's symptoms.
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From traditional behaviorism—Reinforce clients step by step for making applications, going
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for interviews, either individually or as a group. From modeling—specifically bring in
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people who have successfully returned to college years after they dropped out, to talk to
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clients; have clients model each other in filling out applications, and so forth, in group
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sessions. Self-efficacy interventions—continually bring home the message “you can J J J J J J J J J




succeed” directly and also via using the other techniques mentioned previously. J J J J J J J J J J




Bowlby agreed with the Freudians that our early experiences with caregivers shape our mental
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health; but he also believed in a nature explanation of behavior, namely, that the attachment
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response is biologically built in to promote species survival. J J J J J J J J




Here you could conduct a twin study, soliciting a large sample of identical and fraternal twins
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and comparing the similarity of “identicals” attitudes on a test ofpolitical attitudes with those
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of “fraternals.” If the identical twins had much more similar views than the fraternal twins,
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your conclusion would be that political attitudes are highly genetically determined.
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Alternatively, you could select adopted children and compare their political views with their J J J J J J J J J J J J J




biological and adoptive parents' views. If you found a high correlation between adoptees' J J J J J J J J J J J J J




attitudes and their birth parents views and virtually no similarity between adoptees' attitudes
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and their adoptive parents' views, you could make the same conclusion.
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Answers will vary. Evocative influences, however, will relateto how personalitytraits—
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shyness, happiness, kindness, and so forth, naturally affect how other people relate to that
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student. In describing active forces, students should talk about talents and interests that
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propelled them to actively select environments where they learned to improve at J J J J J J J J J J J




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