BIOLOGY 109 CCBC MODULE ONE STUDY
GUIDE EVALUATION 2026 TESTED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What are the three components involved in maintaining homeostasis?
Answer: Receptors, control center, and effectors.
⩥ What is negative feedback?
Answer: A mechanism that reduces stimulus intensity or shuts down
stimulus
⩥ Provide an example of negative feedback in the human body.
Answer: Regulation of body temperature., blood pressure
⩥ What is positive feedback?
Answer: increases the original stimulus further from original value
⩥ Provide an example of positive feedback in the human body.
Answer: Childbirth process.
⩥ What are the three types of chemical bonds?
Answer: Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.
,⩥ Define hydrophobic molecules.
Answer: Molecules that do not interact well with water.
⩥ Define hydrophilic molecules.
Answer: Molecules that interact well with water.
⩥ What does pH measure?
Answer: The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
⩥ What is the pH range?
Answer: 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
⩥ What are acids, bases, and salts?
Answer: Acids donate hydrogen ions, bases accept them, and salts are
ionic bonds that don't release either hydroxide or hydrogen ions
⩥ What is a buffer?
Answer: A solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are
added.
⩥ What are the four categories of organic molecules?
,Answer: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
⩥ What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
Answer: Monomers generally have molecular formulas that are
multiples of CH2O.
⩥ Give an example of a monosaccharide.
Answer: Glucose.
⩥ Disaccharide
Answer: A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded
together through dehydration synthesis.
⩥ polsaccharides
Answer: long branching chains of linked simple sugars
⩥ What are the four types of lipids?
Answer: Fatty acids, fats, steroids, and phospholipids.
⩥ What is the monomer of proteins?
Answer: Amino acid.
, ⩥ Four types of lipids
Answer: fatty acids, fat, phospholipids, steroids
⩥ fatty acid function
Answer: energy storage
⩥ Fat functions
Answer: energy storage and sources, insulation, physical protection
⩥ steroid function
Answer: Structural components of cell membranes, hormones, digestion
secretions in bile
⩥ Phospholipids function
Answer: cell membrane structure
⩥ What are enzymes?
Answer: Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
⩥ What are substrates in enzymatic reactions?
Answer: Reactants that bind to the active site of an enzyme.
GUIDE EVALUATION 2026 TESTED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What are the three components involved in maintaining homeostasis?
Answer: Receptors, control center, and effectors.
⩥ What is negative feedback?
Answer: A mechanism that reduces stimulus intensity or shuts down
stimulus
⩥ Provide an example of negative feedback in the human body.
Answer: Regulation of body temperature., blood pressure
⩥ What is positive feedback?
Answer: increases the original stimulus further from original value
⩥ Provide an example of positive feedback in the human body.
Answer: Childbirth process.
⩥ What are the three types of chemical bonds?
Answer: Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.
,⩥ Define hydrophobic molecules.
Answer: Molecules that do not interact well with water.
⩥ Define hydrophilic molecules.
Answer: Molecules that interact well with water.
⩥ What does pH measure?
Answer: The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
⩥ What is the pH range?
Answer: 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
⩥ What are acids, bases, and salts?
Answer: Acids donate hydrogen ions, bases accept them, and salts are
ionic bonds that don't release either hydroxide or hydrogen ions
⩥ What is a buffer?
Answer: A solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are
added.
⩥ What are the four categories of organic molecules?
,Answer: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
⩥ What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
Answer: Monomers generally have molecular formulas that are
multiples of CH2O.
⩥ Give an example of a monosaccharide.
Answer: Glucose.
⩥ Disaccharide
Answer: A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded
together through dehydration synthesis.
⩥ polsaccharides
Answer: long branching chains of linked simple sugars
⩥ What are the four types of lipids?
Answer: Fatty acids, fats, steroids, and phospholipids.
⩥ What is the monomer of proteins?
Answer: Amino acid.
, ⩥ Four types of lipids
Answer: fatty acids, fat, phospholipids, steroids
⩥ fatty acid function
Answer: energy storage
⩥ Fat functions
Answer: energy storage and sources, insulation, physical protection
⩥ steroid function
Answer: Structural components of cell membranes, hormones, digestion
secretions in bile
⩥ Phospholipids function
Answer: cell membrane structure
⩥ What are enzymes?
Answer: Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
⩥ What are substrates in enzymatic reactions?
Answer: Reactants that bind to the active site of an enzyme.
