BIOM 525 EXAM 4 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?
Generating movement
Transmitting electrical signals
Anchoring body structures
Forming boundaries between body compartments
Fat storage. Answer: Forming boundaries between body
compartments
◉ ATP is
formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.
used to transfer energy within a cell.
a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.
used by cells for the storage of energy.
a protein.. Answer: used to transfer energy within a cell.
◉ Second messengers
,always function to activate enzymes.
only function as intercellular messengers.
are necessary for all receptor signal transduction mechanisms.
are always proteins.
act in the cell cytoplasm.. Answer: act in the cell cytoplasm
◉ Which of the following describes an ionic bond?
A force of attraction between cations and anions due to opposite
charges
An energy relationship between atoms due to the equal sharing of
electrons
An energy relationship between atoms due to the equal sharing of
electrons
A force of attraction between weakly positive charged hydrogen
atoms of a molecule to weakly negative charged atoms of a different
molecule. Answer: A force of attraction between cations and anions
due to opposite charges
◉ What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
To detect changes in the external environment
,To return a variable toward the set point
To anticipate changes in the environment
To maintain a constant internal environment
To bring about a rapid change in the body. Answer: To bring about a
rapid change in the body
◉ Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from
ATP?
Movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian
cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid
Movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium
containing a higher concentration of glucose than that inside the cell
Movement of water into a cell
Movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium
, Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a
chloride channel. Answer: Movement of Na+ ions from a lower
concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the
extracellular fluid
◉ C.J. is stuck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard) Her body
responds to the cold by ________.
significantly increasing blood oxygen levels
increasing the blood to her hands and feet
breaking down stored energy
becoming lethargic to conserve heat. Answer: breaking down stored
energy
◉ What will happen if a normal cell is placed in a hyperosmotic
solution?
It will stay the same size.
It will shrink in size.
It may swell, shrink, or stay the same size, depending upon the
concentration of penetrating and nonpenetrating solutes in the
solution.
It will swell in size.. Answer: It may swell, shrink, or stay the same
size, depending upon the concentration of penetrating and
nonpenetrating solutes in the solution.
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?
Generating movement
Transmitting electrical signals
Anchoring body structures
Forming boundaries between body compartments
Fat storage. Answer: Forming boundaries between body
compartments
◉ ATP is
formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.
used to transfer energy within a cell.
a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.
used by cells for the storage of energy.
a protein.. Answer: used to transfer energy within a cell.
◉ Second messengers
,always function to activate enzymes.
only function as intercellular messengers.
are necessary for all receptor signal transduction mechanisms.
are always proteins.
act in the cell cytoplasm.. Answer: act in the cell cytoplasm
◉ Which of the following describes an ionic bond?
A force of attraction between cations and anions due to opposite
charges
An energy relationship between atoms due to the equal sharing of
electrons
An energy relationship between atoms due to the equal sharing of
electrons
A force of attraction between weakly positive charged hydrogen
atoms of a molecule to weakly negative charged atoms of a different
molecule. Answer: A force of attraction between cations and anions
due to opposite charges
◉ What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
To detect changes in the external environment
,To return a variable toward the set point
To anticipate changes in the environment
To maintain a constant internal environment
To bring about a rapid change in the body. Answer: To bring about a
rapid change in the body
◉ Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from
ATP?
Movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian
cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid
Movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium
containing a higher concentration of glucose than that inside the cell
Movement of water into a cell
Movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium
, Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a
chloride channel. Answer: Movement of Na+ ions from a lower
concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the
extracellular fluid
◉ C.J. is stuck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard) Her body
responds to the cold by ________.
significantly increasing blood oxygen levels
increasing the blood to her hands and feet
breaking down stored energy
becoming lethargic to conserve heat. Answer: breaking down stored
energy
◉ What will happen if a normal cell is placed in a hyperosmotic
solution?
It will stay the same size.
It will shrink in size.
It may swell, shrink, or stay the same size, depending upon the
concentration of penetrating and nonpenetrating solutes in the
solution.
It will swell in size.. Answer: It may swell, shrink, or stay the same
size, depending upon the concentration of penetrating and
nonpenetrating solutes in the solution.
