BIOM 525 EXAM 4 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
BODY SYSTEM INTEGRATION BREAKDOWN
2026
◉ expiration. Answer: -motor neurons decrease AP to diaphragm
and intercostals, muscles relax
-air in alveoli gets compressed as lungs become smaller, air moves
out, P alv > P atm
-passive movement of lungs
◉ Daltons Law. Answer: pressure each gas exerts is independent of
the pressure of other gases
◉ the concentration for the gas. Answer: What is partial pressure
proportional to?
◉ partial pressure. Answer: the pressure of each gas in a mixture
◉ PO2. Answer: How is the partial pressure of O2 written?
,◉ multiply the % of that gas by the total pressure. Answer: How do
you calculate partial pressure?
◉ 105 mmHg. Answer: What is PO2 at sea level?
◉ 40 mmHg. Answer: What is PCO2 at sea level?
◉ Upright posture causes an increased filling of blood vessels at
bottom of the lung which contributes to a difference in blood-flow
distribution in the lung. It is a gravity effect.. Answer: Why is there a
difference in pressures of alveoli and arterial PO2?
◉ venous blood. Answer: What kind of blood has lower gas
pressure?
◉ PO2 = 40 mmHg. Answer: -blood is on the way back to the heart
-O2 has been dropped off to the tissues decreasing its supply
◉ PCO2 = 46 mmHg. Answer: waste from the tissues is being
transported back for removal by lungs
, ◉ alveolar PO2. Answer: _____________ is higher than blood, so oxygen
diffuses from alveoli into plasma. High to low concentrations. This
induces (simple) diffusion of oxygen to erythrocytes.
◉ -by activity
-during exercise, more O2 is used, decreasing tissue PO2, this
increases blood to tissue PO2 gradient. Answer: How do cells obtain
more O2?
◉ motor neurons. Answer: breathing depends on these muscle
movements, especially diaphragm
◉ medulla oblongata. Answer: -respiratory rhythm generated here
-same location for major cardio control centers
◉ to monitor oxygen supply to the brain. Answer: Why are the
carotid bodies strategically located?
◉ peripheral chemoreceptors. Answer: receptors in the carotid
arteries and the aorta that monitor blood pH to help regulate
ventilation rate
BODY SYSTEM INTEGRATION BREAKDOWN
2026
◉ expiration. Answer: -motor neurons decrease AP to diaphragm
and intercostals, muscles relax
-air in alveoli gets compressed as lungs become smaller, air moves
out, P alv > P atm
-passive movement of lungs
◉ Daltons Law. Answer: pressure each gas exerts is independent of
the pressure of other gases
◉ the concentration for the gas. Answer: What is partial pressure
proportional to?
◉ partial pressure. Answer: the pressure of each gas in a mixture
◉ PO2. Answer: How is the partial pressure of O2 written?
,◉ multiply the % of that gas by the total pressure. Answer: How do
you calculate partial pressure?
◉ 105 mmHg. Answer: What is PO2 at sea level?
◉ 40 mmHg. Answer: What is PCO2 at sea level?
◉ Upright posture causes an increased filling of blood vessels at
bottom of the lung which contributes to a difference in blood-flow
distribution in the lung. It is a gravity effect.. Answer: Why is there a
difference in pressures of alveoli and arterial PO2?
◉ venous blood. Answer: What kind of blood has lower gas
pressure?
◉ PO2 = 40 mmHg. Answer: -blood is on the way back to the heart
-O2 has been dropped off to the tissues decreasing its supply
◉ PCO2 = 46 mmHg. Answer: waste from the tissues is being
transported back for removal by lungs
, ◉ alveolar PO2. Answer: _____________ is higher than blood, so oxygen
diffuses from alveoli into plasma. High to low concentrations. This
induces (simple) diffusion of oxygen to erythrocytes.
◉ -by activity
-during exercise, more O2 is used, decreasing tissue PO2, this
increases blood to tissue PO2 gradient. Answer: How do cells obtain
more O2?
◉ motor neurons. Answer: breathing depends on these muscle
movements, especially diaphragm
◉ medulla oblongata. Answer: -respiratory rhythm generated here
-same location for major cardio control centers
◉ to monitor oxygen supply to the brain. Answer: Why are the
carotid bodies strategically located?
◉ peripheral chemoreceptors. Answer: receptors in the carotid
arteries and the aorta that monitor blood pH to help regulate
ventilation rate
