BIOM 525 EXAM 4 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY KEY
SYSTEM FUNCTIONS AND NOTES 2026
◉ In general, polar molecules diffuse more rapidly through the lipid
bilayer part of cell membranes than do nonpolar molecules. This
statement is
false, because polar molecules diffuse through less rapidly because
the bilayer is polar throughout its width.
false, because nonpolar molecules diffuse through more rapidly
because much of the bilayer is nonpolar.
false, because the rate of diffusion of nonpolar and polar molecules
through the bilayer is essentially the same as long as the molecules
are the same size.
true.
false, because polar molecules diffuse through less rapidly because
the bilayer is nonpolar throughout its width.. Answer: false, because
nonpolar molecules diffuse through more rapidly because much of
the bilayer is nonpolar.
,◉ When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes
an ion
an anion
nonpolar
all of the above. Answer: an ion
◉ Which of the following allows water to move much faster across
cell membranes?
The sodium-potassium pump
ATP
The hydrophobic interior of a cell membrane
Aquaporins
Peripheral proteins. Answer: Aquaporins
◉ What component of amino acid structure varies among different
amino acids?
The components of the R-group
The glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid
,The long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule
The presence of a central C atom. Answer: The components of the R-
group
◉ Which of the following lipids can be found in the plasma
membrane? (2)
Cholesterol
Eicosanoids
Phospholipids
Triglycerides. Answer: Cholesterol and Phospholipids
◉ A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance
is a(n) ________.
buffer
acid
salt
base. Answer: salt
◉ If all other conditions remain the same and the concentration of a
nonpenetrating solute increases inside a cell, which is most likely to
occur?
, Water will tend to leave the cell because the interior has a decreased
osmolarity.
Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has a decreased
osmolarity.
Water will tend to leave the cell because the interior has an
increased osmolarity.
Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has an
increased osmolarity.
The solute will diffuse across the membrane until its concentration
is equal on both sides of the membrane.. Answer: Water will tend to
enter the cell because the interior has an increased osmolarity.
◉ Metabolism can be defined as the ________.
process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to
perform distinct functions
process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells
adjustment by an organism to external or internal changes
sum of all chemical reactions in an organism. Answer: sum of all
chemical reactions in an organism
SYSTEM FUNCTIONS AND NOTES 2026
◉ In general, polar molecules diffuse more rapidly through the lipid
bilayer part of cell membranes than do nonpolar molecules. This
statement is
false, because polar molecules diffuse through less rapidly because
the bilayer is polar throughout its width.
false, because nonpolar molecules diffuse through more rapidly
because much of the bilayer is nonpolar.
false, because the rate of diffusion of nonpolar and polar molecules
through the bilayer is essentially the same as long as the molecules
are the same size.
true.
false, because polar molecules diffuse through less rapidly because
the bilayer is nonpolar throughout its width.. Answer: false, because
nonpolar molecules diffuse through more rapidly because much of
the bilayer is nonpolar.
,◉ When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes
an ion
an anion
nonpolar
all of the above. Answer: an ion
◉ Which of the following allows water to move much faster across
cell membranes?
The sodium-potassium pump
ATP
The hydrophobic interior of a cell membrane
Aquaporins
Peripheral proteins. Answer: Aquaporins
◉ What component of amino acid structure varies among different
amino acids?
The components of the R-group
The glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid
,The long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule
The presence of a central C atom. Answer: The components of the R-
group
◉ Which of the following lipids can be found in the plasma
membrane? (2)
Cholesterol
Eicosanoids
Phospholipids
Triglycerides. Answer: Cholesterol and Phospholipids
◉ A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance
is a(n) ________.
buffer
acid
salt
base. Answer: salt
◉ If all other conditions remain the same and the concentration of a
nonpenetrating solute increases inside a cell, which is most likely to
occur?
, Water will tend to leave the cell because the interior has a decreased
osmolarity.
Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has a decreased
osmolarity.
Water will tend to leave the cell because the interior has an
increased osmolarity.
Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has an
increased osmolarity.
The solute will diffuse across the membrane until its concentration
is equal on both sides of the membrane.. Answer: Water will tend to
enter the cell because the interior has an increased osmolarity.
◉ Metabolism can be defined as the ________.
process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to
perform distinct functions
process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells
adjustment by an organism to external or internal changes
sum of all chemical reactions in an organism. Answer: sum of all
chemical reactions in an organism
