BIOS 255 EXAM 3 ACTUAL TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE
●● What are the two major forms of immunity?
Answer: Non-specific Resistance (Innate Immunity) and Specific
Resistance (Adaptive Immunity).
●● What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Physical and Chemical barriers.
●● What are examples of physical barriers in the immune system?
Answer: Skin and mucous membranes.
●● What enzyme found in bodily fluids destroys bacterial cell walls?
Answer: Lysozyme.
●● What is the role of stomach acid in the immune system?
Answer: It inhibits pathogen growth and reproduction due to its low pH.
●● What are granulocytes and their function?
Answer: They release chemical granzymes to attack local pathogens.
,●● What type of pathogens do neutrophils target?
Answer: Bacteria.
●● What are Natural Killer (NK) cells responsible for?
Answer: Recognizing and destroying infected or abnormal cells.
●● What is the function of interferons in the immune response?
Answer: They warn neighboring cells of potential viral infection and
activate NK cells and macrophages.
●● What is the complement system?
Answer: A group of inactive proteins that, when activated, can lyse
pathogen membranes.
●● What is the significance of fever in the immune response?
Answer: It is an abnormal elevation of body temperature that can inhibit
pathogen growth.
●● What triggers inflammation in the immune system?
Answer: Inflammatory chemicals released in response to infection or
tissue injury.
, ●● What is the third line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Adaptive Immunity.
●● What is the key characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Answer: It has specificity and memory for previously encountered
pathogens.
●● What type of immunity involves T cells directly attacking foreign
cells?
Answer: Cell-mediated immunity.
●● What type of immunity involves B cells and antibodies?
Answer: Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity.
●● What is active immunity?
Answer: When the body's own immune system reacts to an antigen and
produces memory cells.
●● What is the difference between natural and artificial active
immunity?
Answer: Natural active immunity occurs through natural exposure, while
artificial active immunity occurs through vaccination.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE
●● What are the two major forms of immunity?
Answer: Non-specific Resistance (Innate Immunity) and Specific
Resistance (Adaptive Immunity).
●● What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Physical and Chemical barriers.
●● What are examples of physical barriers in the immune system?
Answer: Skin and mucous membranes.
●● What enzyme found in bodily fluids destroys bacterial cell walls?
Answer: Lysozyme.
●● What is the role of stomach acid in the immune system?
Answer: It inhibits pathogen growth and reproduction due to its low pH.
●● What are granulocytes and their function?
Answer: They release chemical granzymes to attack local pathogens.
,●● What type of pathogens do neutrophils target?
Answer: Bacteria.
●● What are Natural Killer (NK) cells responsible for?
Answer: Recognizing and destroying infected or abnormal cells.
●● What is the function of interferons in the immune response?
Answer: They warn neighboring cells of potential viral infection and
activate NK cells and macrophages.
●● What is the complement system?
Answer: A group of inactive proteins that, when activated, can lyse
pathogen membranes.
●● What is the significance of fever in the immune response?
Answer: It is an abnormal elevation of body temperature that can inhibit
pathogen growth.
●● What triggers inflammation in the immune system?
Answer: Inflammatory chemicals released in response to infection or
tissue injury.
, ●● What is the third line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Adaptive Immunity.
●● What is the key characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Answer: It has specificity and memory for previously encountered
pathogens.
●● What type of immunity involves T cells directly attacking foreign
cells?
Answer: Cell-mediated immunity.
●● What type of immunity involves B cells and antibodies?
Answer: Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity.
●● What is active immunity?
Answer: When the body's own immune system reacts to an antigen and
produces memory cells.
●● What is the difference between natural and artificial active
immunity?
Answer: Natural active immunity occurs through natural exposure, while
artificial active immunity occurs through vaccination.
