BIOS 255 EXAM 3 COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● What are the two major forms of immunity?
Answer: Non-specific Resistance (Innate Immunity) and Specific
Resistance (Adaptive Immunity).
●● What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Physical and Chemical barriers.
●● What are examples of physical barriers in the immune system?
Answer: Skin and mucous membranes.
●● What chemical barrier is found in mucus, tears, and saliva?
Answer: Lysozyme.
●● What is the role of stomach acid in the immune system?
Answer: It inhibits pathogen growth and reproduction due to its low pH.
●● What type of cells are neutrophils and what do they target?
Answer: Neutrophils are granulocytes that target bacteria.
,●● What is the function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
Answer: To recognize and destroy infected or abnormal cells.
●● What is phagocytosis?
Answer: The process by which phagocytes, like macrophages, engulf
and digest pathogens.
●● What are interferons?
Answer: Proteins released by virally-infected cells to warn neighboring
cells and prevent the spread of infection.
●● What is the complement system?
Answer: A group of proteins that work together to lyse pathogen
membranes and promote inflammation and phagocytosis.
●● What is fever (pyrexia)?
Answer: An abnormal elevation of body temperature that can result from
various causes including infections.
●● What are pyrogens?
Answer: Chemicals released from pathogens or activated phagocytes
that cause an increase in body temperature.
, ●● What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
Answer: Redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
●● What is the third line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Adaptive Immunity.
●● What is the main characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Answer: It is specific to particular pathogens and has memory.
●● What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
Answer: Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity and Humoral (antibody-
mediated) immunity.
●● What type of immunity involves T cells?
Answer: Cell-mediated immunity.
●● What type of immunity involves B cells?
Answer: Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity.
●● What is active immunity?
Answer: When the body's own immune system reacts to an antigen and
produces memory cells.
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● What are the two major forms of immunity?
Answer: Non-specific Resistance (Innate Immunity) and Specific
Resistance (Adaptive Immunity).
●● What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Physical and Chemical barriers.
●● What are examples of physical barriers in the immune system?
Answer: Skin and mucous membranes.
●● What chemical barrier is found in mucus, tears, and saliva?
Answer: Lysozyme.
●● What is the role of stomach acid in the immune system?
Answer: It inhibits pathogen growth and reproduction due to its low pH.
●● What type of cells are neutrophils and what do they target?
Answer: Neutrophils are granulocytes that target bacteria.
,●● What is the function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
Answer: To recognize and destroy infected or abnormal cells.
●● What is phagocytosis?
Answer: The process by which phagocytes, like macrophages, engulf
and digest pathogens.
●● What are interferons?
Answer: Proteins released by virally-infected cells to warn neighboring
cells and prevent the spread of infection.
●● What is the complement system?
Answer: A group of proteins that work together to lyse pathogen
membranes and promote inflammation and phagocytosis.
●● What is fever (pyrexia)?
Answer: An abnormal elevation of body temperature that can result from
various causes including infections.
●● What are pyrogens?
Answer: Chemicals released from pathogens or activated phagocytes
that cause an increase in body temperature.
, ●● What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
Answer: Redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
●● What is the third line of defense in the immune system?
Answer: Adaptive Immunity.
●● What is the main characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Answer: It is specific to particular pathogens and has memory.
●● What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
Answer: Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity and Humoral (antibody-
mediated) immunity.
●● What type of immunity involves T cells?
Answer: Cell-mediated immunity.
●● What type of immunity involves B cells?
Answer: Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity.
●● What is active immunity?
Answer: When the body's own immune system reacts to an antigen and
produces memory cells.
