need to strengthen infraspinatus and teres minor muslces, what action needs to be
peformed against resistence that will benefit pt?
lateral (external) rotation
Type 1 DM, becomes hypoglycemic, loses consciousness without warning, how do you
treat?
, GLUCAGON, stimulates hepatic glucose release
75 yo woman with osteopenia on a follow-up examination. Occasional acetaminophen,
supplemental Calcium and vit. D. No smoking, drinking and walks 3 miles daily,
BMI 24 kg/m2. Stable wight for 10 years, Pulse-68/min, BP- 124/72 mm Hg. Physical
shows no problem.
Labs given to compare Today and 10 years ago:
Serum creatinine 1.o 1.0
Urine creatinine excretion 1000mg/24h 1200 mg/24h
creatinine clearance 64 mL/min 83 mL/min
Which is the most like cause of decreased creatinine clearance rate?
NORMAL AGING. decreased creatinine clearance over 10 years is just a loss of
nephrons with age, which has been compensated for by angiotensin and
aldosterone to prevent serum creatinine from rising overall.
38 y/o woman seems to have a gastrinoma (serum gastrin concentration is 2000 (normal
<100). She also has multiple lipomas and two large non bleeding ulcers. she is started on
a proton pump inhibitor. what measurement should you follow?
calcium
,cystitis caused by vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecalis. which of the following
mechanisms best explains the antibiotic resistance of this organism?
Vanco resistance is d-ala d-ala substituted for d-ala d-lac
During experimental study of oxygen consumption in the kideny, experimental animals
are ventilated with a 100% nitrogen. Cells from which of the following areas of the kindey
are most likely to show the first sign of anoxic injury?
MOst susceptible site of hypoxia
When i hear ischemia immediately comming thing about TUBULAR
Acute tubular necrosis can be caused by ischemic or nephrotic injury
Ischemic secondary to decreased renal blood flow hypotension, shock,
sepsis, hemorrhage, CHF, Results in death of tubular cells that may slough into
tubular lumen proximal tubule and thick ascending limb are highly susceptible
to injury.
55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, chills,
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. He says he has been unable to eat or drink anything
without vomiting and has had little urine production during the past 12 hours. His
temperature is 37.8°C (100°F). His pulse is 92/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg
while supine; pulse is 110/min, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg while standing.
Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes and a soft abdomen with mild,
diffuse tenderness.
, Give this one a try later!
volume depletion
A yr old boy is brought to the physician for developmental delay. There is a h/o hearing
loss in her mother and delayed speech in his older sister. His maternal uncle had stroke
like episodes at 25 yrs of age. PE shows opthalmoplegia and hypotonia. His serum LA
conc is increased. Which of the following best explains the findings in this family
Give this one a try later!
MELAS ( mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, Lactic acidosis and stroke like
episodes) as in this clinical vignette are mitochondrial inherited. Variable
expression in mitochondrial inherited disease is called heteroplasmy.
breast cancer patient, develops increased numbness and tingling of hands and feet
during chemotherapy intervals, which drug caused it?
Give this one a try later!
Vincristine--mechanism--microtubules for axonal transport
39 yr old lady w rheum.arthritis. Trtment with multiple meds, including prednisone and
methotrexate hasn't been effective. Next step in treatment is drug that blocks effects of
which of the following cytokines?
Give this one a try later!
peformed against resistence that will benefit pt?
lateral (external) rotation
Type 1 DM, becomes hypoglycemic, loses consciousness without warning, how do you
treat?
, GLUCAGON, stimulates hepatic glucose release
75 yo woman with osteopenia on a follow-up examination. Occasional acetaminophen,
supplemental Calcium and vit. D. No smoking, drinking and walks 3 miles daily,
BMI 24 kg/m2. Stable wight for 10 years, Pulse-68/min, BP- 124/72 mm Hg. Physical
shows no problem.
Labs given to compare Today and 10 years ago:
Serum creatinine 1.o 1.0
Urine creatinine excretion 1000mg/24h 1200 mg/24h
creatinine clearance 64 mL/min 83 mL/min
Which is the most like cause of decreased creatinine clearance rate?
NORMAL AGING. decreased creatinine clearance over 10 years is just a loss of
nephrons with age, which has been compensated for by angiotensin and
aldosterone to prevent serum creatinine from rising overall.
38 y/o woman seems to have a gastrinoma (serum gastrin concentration is 2000 (normal
<100). She also has multiple lipomas and two large non bleeding ulcers. she is started on
a proton pump inhibitor. what measurement should you follow?
calcium
,cystitis caused by vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecalis. which of the following
mechanisms best explains the antibiotic resistance of this organism?
Vanco resistance is d-ala d-ala substituted for d-ala d-lac
During experimental study of oxygen consumption in the kideny, experimental animals
are ventilated with a 100% nitrogen. Cells from which of the following areas of the kindey
are most likely to show the first sign of anoxic injury?
MOst susceptible site of hypoxia
When i hear ischemia immediately comming thing about TUBULAR
Acute tubular necrosis can be caused by ischemic or nephrotic injury
Ischemic secondary to decreased renal blood flow hypotension, shock,
sepsis, hemorrhage, CHF, Results in death of tubular cells that may slough into
tubular lumen proximal tubule and thick ascending limb are highly susceptible
to injury.
55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, chills,
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. He says he has been unable to eat or drink anything
without vomiting and has had little urine production during the past 12 hours. His
temperature is 37.8°C (100°F). His pulse is 92/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg
while supine; pulse is 110/min, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg while standing.
Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes and a soft abdomen with mild,
diffuse tenderness.
, Give this one a try later!
volume depletion
A yr old boy is brought to the physician for developmental delay. There is a h/o hearing
loss in her mother and delayed speech in his older sister. His maternal uncle had stroke
like episodes at 25 yrs of age. PE shows opthalmoplegia and hypotonia. His serum LA
conc is increased. Which of the following best explains the findings in this family
Give this one a try later!
MELAS ( mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, Lactic acidosis and stroke like
episodes) as in this clinical vignette are mitochondrial inherited. Variable
expression in mitochondrial inherited disease is called heteroplasmy.
breast cancer patient, develops increased numbness and tingling of hands and feet
during chemotherapy intervals, which drug caused it?
Give this one a try later!
Vincristine--mechanism--microtubules for axonal transport
39 yr old lady w rheum.arthritis. Trtment with multiple meds, including prednisone and
methotrexate hasn't been effective. Next step in treatment is drug that blocks effects of
which of the following cytokines?
Give this one a try later!
